PHILIPPINE  STUDIES 


I 


AJJTTLE  BOOK 

OF 

FILIPINO  RIDDLES 


COLLECTED  AND  EDITED 
BY 

FREDERICK  STARR 


WORLD  BOOK  CO. 

YONKERS.  NEW  YORK 

1909 


■xfAl 

6377 


COPYRKiHTED  1909 
BY    FREDERICK   STARR 


THE    TORCH     PRESS 
CEDAR  RAPIDS.  IOWA 


THIS    LITTLE     BOOK     OF 
FILIPINO     RIDDLES 
IS    DEDICATED     TO 
GELACIO    CABURIAN 
CASIMIRO    VERCELES 
RUFINO    DUNGAN 
OF 

AGOO,    UNION    PROVINCE 


INTRODUCTION 

Although  I  had  already  inquired  for 
them  from  Iloeano  boys,  my  first  actual 
loiowledge  of  Filipino  riddles  was  due 
to  ]Mr.  George  T.  Shoens,  American 
teacher  among  the  Bisayans.  He  had 
made  a  collection  of  some  fifty  Bisayan 
riddles  and  presented  a  brief  paper  re- 
garding them  at  the  Anthropological 
Conference  held  at  Baguio.  under  my 
direction,  on  May  12-14,  1908.  My  own 
collection  was  begim  among  Iloeano  of 
Union  Province  from  whom  about  two 
himdred  examples  were  secured.  Others 
were  later  secured  from  Pangasinan. 
Gaddang,  Pampangan,  Bisayan  and 
Tagal  sources.  My  informants  have 
chiefly  been  school-boys,  who  spoke  a 
little  English ;  they  wrote  the  text  of 
riddle  and  answer  in  their  native  tongue 
and  then  we  went  over  them  carefully 
together  to  make  an  English  translation 
and  to  get  at  the  meaning.  ]\Iany  Fil- 
ipinos IvQow  how  to  read  and  write  their 
native  language,  although  few  have  had 
actual  instruction  in  doing  so.  There 
is   no   question   that   errors   and   incon- 

[51 


sisteneies  exist  in  the  spelling  of  these 
riddles,  due  to  this  lack  of  instruction 
and  to  the  fact  that  the  texts  have  been 
written  by  many  different  persons.  I 
am  myself  not  acquainted  with  any 
^Malay  language.  I  have  tried  to  secure 
uniformity  in  spelling  within  the  limits 
of  each  language  but  have  no  doubt 
overlooked  many  inconsistencies.  The 
indulgence  of  competent  critics  is  asked. 
It  has  been  our  intention  throughout  to 
adhere  to  the  old  orthography.  Thus 
the  initial  qu  and  the  final  ao  have  been 
preferred. 

The  word  for  riddle  varies  with  the 
population.  In  Ilocano  it  is  hurhurtia, 
in  Pangasinan  honiqueo.  in  Tagal  hug- 

foug,  in  Gaddang ,  in  Pampan- 

gan  hugtong,  in  Bisayan  tugmahanon. 

Riddles  are  common  to  all  mankind. 
They  delighted  the  old  Aryans  and  the 
ancient  Greeks  as  they  do  the  modern 
Hindu  and  the  Bantu  peoples  of  dark- 
est Africa.  ]\Iany  writers  have  defined 
the  riddle.  Friedreich  in  his  Geschichte 
des  Bdthsels,  says:  "The  riddle  is  an 
indirect  presentation  of  an  unknown  ob- 
ject, in  order  that  the  ingenuity  of  the 
hearer   or  reader   may   be   exercised   in 

finding  it  out AVolf  has  given 

the  following  definition :  the  riddle  is  a 
I)lay  of  wit,  which  endeavors  to  so  pre- 

[6] 


sent  an  object,  by  stating  its  character- 
istic features  and  peculiarities,  as  to 
adequately  call  it  before  the  mind,  with- 
out, however,  actually  naming  it." 

The  riddles  of  various  Oriental  peo- 
ples have  already  been  collected  and  more 
or  less  adequately  discussed  by  authors. 
Hebrew  riddles  occur  in  the  Bible,  the 
best  kno\\Ti  certainly  being  Samson 's : 
"Out  of  the  eater  came  forth  meat. 

And    out    of    the    strong   came    forth 
sweetness. ' ' 

Arabic  riddles  are  many  and  have 
been  considerably  studied;  Persian  rid- 
dles are  well  kno^^Ti;  of  Indian  riddles 
at  least  one  collection  has  been  printed 
separately  under  the  name  Lalshmin- 
afha  npasaru,  a  series  of  Kolarian  rid- 
dles from  Chota  Xagpur  has  been  print- 
ed as.  also,  an  interesting  article  upon 
Behar  riddles;  Sanskrit  riddles  are 
numerous  and  have  called  for  some  at- 
tention from  scholars:  a  few  Gypsy  rid- 
dles are  known;  two  recent  papers  deal 
with  Corean  riddles.  AYe  know  of  but 
two  references  to  Malayan  riddles;  one 
is  Eizal,  Specimens  of  TagaJ  Folk-Lore, 
the  other  is  Sibree's  paper  upon  the 
Oratory,  Songs,  Legends,  and  Folk-Tales 
of  the  Malagasy.  This  is  no  doubt  an 
incomplete  bibliography  but  the  field  has 
been  sadly  neglected  and  even  to  secure 

[7] 


this  list  has  demanded  much  labor.  It 
suffices  to  show  how  deeply  the  riddle 
is  rooted  in  Oriental  thought  and  indi- 
cates the  probability  that  riddles  were 
used  in  ^Malaysia  long  before  European 
contact. 

To  what  degree  Filipino  riddles  are 
indigenous  and  original  is  an  interest- 
ing but  difficult  question.  So  far  as 
they  are  of  European  origin  or  influ- 
enced by  European  thought,  they  have 
come  from  or  been  influenced  by  Spain. 
"Whatever  comparison  is  made  should 
chiefly,  and  primarily,  be  with  Spanish 
riddles.  But  our  available  sources  of 
information  regarding  Spanish  riddles 
are  not  numerous.  We  have  only  Dem- 
ofilo's  Collecion  de  enigmas  y  adivinan- 
zas,  printed  at  Seville  in  1880,  and  a 
series  of  five  chap-books  from  jMexico, 
entitled  Del  Pequefio  Adivinadorcito, 
and  containing  a  total  of  three  hundred 
and  seven  riddles.  Filipino  riddles 
deal  largely  with  animals,  plants  and 
objects  of  local  character;  such  must 
have  been  made  in  the  Islands  even  if 
influenced  by  Spanish  models  and  ideas. 
Some  depend  upon  purely  local  customs 
and  conditions — thus  numbers  170,  237, 
etc.,  could  only  originate  locally.  Some, 
to  which  the  answers  are  such  words  as 
egg,  needle  and  thread,   etc.,    (answers 

[8] 


common  to  riddles  in  all  European 
lands),  may  be  due  to  outside  influence 
and  may  still  have  some  local  or  native 
touch  or  flavor,  in  their  metaphors ;  thus 
No.  102  is  actually  our  "Humpty 
Dumpty  sat  on  a  wall;"  the  Mexican 
form  runs: 

"Una   arquita   muy  chiquita 

tan  blanca  como  la  cal 

todo  lo  saben  abrir 

pero  ninguno  cerrar." 
But  the  metaphor  ''the  King's  limebox" 
could  only  occur  in  a  district  of  betel- 
chewing  and  is  a  native  touch.  ]\Iany  of 
the  Filipino  riddles  introduce  the  names 
of  saints  and,  to  that  degree,  evidence 
foreign  influence ;  but  even  in  such  cases 
there  may  be  local  coloring;  thus,  call- 
ing rain-drops  falling  "rods,"  "St.  Jo- 
seph's rods  cannot  be  counted,"  could 
hardly  be  found  outside  of  the  tropics. 
Religious  riddles,  relating  to  beads,  bells, 
church,  crucifixes,  are  common  enough 
and  are  necessarily  due  to  outside  in- 
fluence, but  even  such  sometimes  show 
a  non-European  attitude  of  mind,  met- 
aphorical expression  or  form  of  thought. 
Everywhere  riddles  vary  in  quality 
and  value.  Many  are  stupid  things, 
crudely  conceived  and  badly  expressed. 
Only  the  exceptional  is  fine.  Examine 
any  page  of  one  of  our  own  riddle  books 

[9] 


and  you  may  criticize  almost  every  rid- 
dle upon  it  for  view-point,  or  form,  or 
Havor.  We  must  not  demand  more  from 
Filipino  riddles  than  from  our  own. 
Some  knowledge  of  local  products,  cus- 
toms, conditions,  is  necessary  for  the 
understanding  of  their  meaning;  when 
understood,  they  are  fully  equal  to  ours 
in  shrewdness,  wit  and  expression. 
Krauss  emphasizes  the  fact  that  every- 
where riddles  tend  to  coarseness  and 
even  to  obscenity  and  discusses  the  rea- 
sons. "What  is  true  elsewhere  is  true 
here;  a  considerable  number  of  Filipino 
riddles  are  coarse;  Ave  have  introduced 
them  but  emphasize  the  fact  that  any 
scientifically  formed  collection  of  Ger- 
man or  English  riddles  would  contain 
some  quite  as  bad. 

Probably  few  of  our  readers  have  con- 
sidered the  taxonomj^  of  riddles.  Fried- 
reich offers  a  loose  and  unscientific 
classification  as  follows: 

I.  The  Question  Kiddle. 

II.  The  Simple  Word  Riddle  (with 
seven   sub-divisions). 

III.  The  Svllable  Riddle  or  Charade. 

IV.  The  Letter  Riddle. 

1.  With  reference  to  sound. 

2.  With  reference  to  form. 

V.  Punctuation  Riddles. 

VI.  The  Rebus. 

[10] 


VII.  Complex  Kiddles;  combination 
of  two  or  more  simple  tvpes. 

YIII.     Xinnber  Riddles. 

Several  of  these  forms  occur  in  our 
collection. 

More  scientific  than  Friedreich's  work 
is  Petsch's  Studien  ilher  das  Yolksrdtsel. 
His  analysis  and  dissection  of  riddle 
forms  best  enable  us  to  test  the  indi- 
genous content  of  our  Filipino  riddles. 
He  recognizes  two  fimdamental  riddle 
types.  He  says:  "Two  groups  of  rid- 
dles have  long  been  distinguished  in  the 
collections,  the  true  rhymed  riddles  and 
the  short  'catch-questions"  expressed  in 
prose.  The  difference  is  not  only  in 
form  but  in  content.  'True  riddles'  have 
as  purpose  the  describing  of  an  object 
in  veiled,  thought-arousing,  perhaps  mis- 
leading, poetical  clothing,  which,  from 
this  presentation  of  its  appearance,  its 
source,  its  utility,  etc..  shall  be  recognized 
by  the  intelligence,  i.  e..  can  and  shall 
be  guessed.  'Catch-questions.'  on  the 
contrary,  are  not  to  be  guessed,  the 
questioner  intending  himself  to  give  the 
solution ;  at  their  best  they  are  intended 
to  trick  the  hearer,  and  since  their  solu- 
tion is  impossible  to  the  uninitiated  are 
not  'true  riddles'  but  false  ones.  Since 
I  propose  to  divide  the  total  riddle  ma- 
terial of  each  single  nation  between  these 

[11] 


two  great  chief  groups,  may  I  not  some- 
what extend  the  scope  of  the  hitter,  in- 
cluding some  things  which  are  rejected 
from  most  collections  as  having  little  to 
do  Avith  actual  riddles — those  questions 
which  are  generally  insoluble  and  such 
tests  of  wisdom  as  appeal  not  to  wit 
and  luiderstanding,  but  to  knowledge — 
which  are  certainly  not  true  riddles. 
Thus,  in  the  group  hero  characterized 
as  ''false"  different  classes  of  things 
are  brought  together,  the  characteristics 
of  which  I  shall  investigate  later."  It 
would  be  interesting  to  quote  the  au- 
thor's discussion  further.  "We  can,  how- 
ever, only  state  that  he  recognizes  three 
classes  of  "false  riddles,"  to  which  he 
gives  the  names  ''wisdom  tests,"  "life- 
ransoming  riddles,"  and  "catch-ques- 
tions. ' ' 

Of  "true  riddles"  there  is  a  vast 
variety  of  form  and  content.  ]\Iost  typ- 
ical is  the  descriptive  riddle  of  a  single 
object  to  be  guessed.  In  its  complete 
and  normal  form  Petsch  claims  that 
such  a  riddle  consists  of  five  elements  or 
parts.  1  Introduction  ;  2  denominative ; 
3  descriptive;  4  restraint  or  contrast;  5 
conclusion.  1  and  5  are  merely  formal, 
trimmings;  2  and  3  are  inherent  and 
essential;  4  is  common  and  adds  vigor 
and  interest.     Such  complete  and  "nor- 

[12] 


mal"  riddles  are  rare  in  any  language. 
I7siially  one  or  more  of  the  five  elements 
are  lacking.  It  is  only  by  such  an  analy- 
sis of  riddle  forms  that  a  comparative 
study  of  riddles  can  be  made.  Any 
single  riddle  is  best  understood,  by  the 
constant  holding  before  the  mind  this 
pattern  framework  and  noting  the  de- 
gree of  development  of  the  case  in  hand. 
The  Filipinos  themselves  recognize 
several  classes  of  riddles.  An  old  Tagal 
lady  told  us  there  were  three  kinds: 

1.  AJo-divino :  concerning  God  and 
divine  things. 

2.  Alo-humano:    concerning    persons 

3.  Parahula:  all  others 

There  is  no  science  in  this  classifica- 
tion, which  embodies  considerable  cor- 
rupted Spanish.  Another  informant 
recognizes  six  classes: 

1.  Alo-divino 

2.  Historia-vino:  history  of  God  and 
saints 

3.  Alo-humano 

4.  Historia-ynano :  history  of  persons. 

5.  Karle-mano'.  God  and  saints  and 
persons  together. 

6.  Parahula  or  hiniyahas 

These  names  call  for  little  comment 
and   the    classification    they    embody    is 
of  the   loosest.      The   word  parahula   is 
[13] 


Spanish    in    source    and    equivalent    to 
our  parable;  hiniyahas  is  Tagal. 

Some  features  of  our  riddles  call  for 
comment.  Filipino  riddles,  in  whatever 
language,  are  likely  to  be  in  poetical 
form.  The  commonest  type  is  in  two 
well-balanced,  rhyming  lines.  Filipino 
versification  is  less  exacting  in  its  de- 
mand in  rhyme  than  our  own ;  it  is  suf- 
ficient if  the  final  syllables  contain  the 
same  vowel;  thus  Rizal  says — aijup  and 
pagud,  aval  and  alam,  rhyme.  The 
commonest  riddle  verse  contains  five 
or  seven,  or  six,  syllables,  thus: 

Daluang   balon 

hindi   nialingon 
or 

Bahay  ni  San  Gabriel 

punong  puno  nang  barel. 
Just  as  in  European  riddles  certain 
set  phrases  or  sentences  are  found  fre- 
quently at  the  beginning  or  end  of  the 
riddle.  In  Ilocano  and  Pangasinan  a 
common  introductory  form  is  ''What 
creature  of  God"  or  "What  thing  made 
by  Lord  God,"  the  expression  in  reality 
being  ecpiivalent  to  a  simple  "what." 
These  pious  forms  do  not  at  all  neces- 
sarily refer  either  to  animals  or  nat- 
ural objects;  thus,  a  boat  or  a  house  is 
just  as  good  a  "creature  of  God"  as 
a  fowl  is.     A  common  form  of  ending 

[14] 


is  ''Tell  it  and  I  am  yours,"  "Guess  it 
and  I  am  your  man." 

Quite  analogous  to  calling  inanimate 
or  artificial  thino-s  "creatures  of  God" 
is  the  personification  of  all  sorts  of  things, 
animate  and  inanimate ;  thus,  a  rat  is 
"an  old  man,"  a  dipper  is  "a  boy." 
Xot  infrec[uently  the  object  or  idea  thus 
personifiecl  is  given  a  title  of  respect; 
thus,  "Corporal  Black"  is  the  night. 
Akin  to  personification  is  bold  metaphor 
and  association.  In  this  there  may  or 
may  not  be  some  evident  analogy;  thus 
a  crawfish  is  "a  bird,"  the  banca  or 
canoe  is  "rung"  (like  a  bell.)  Not  un- 
commonly the  word  "house"  is  used 
of  anything  thought  of  as  containing 
something;  thus  "Santa  Ana's  house," 
"San  Gabriel's  house;"  this  use  is  par- 
ticularly used  in  speaking  of  fruits. 
"Santa  Ana's  house  is  full  of  bullets" 
is  rather  pretty  description  for  the 
papaya.  The  word  "work"  is  often 
used  for  a  thing  made,  or  a  manufact- 
ured article. 

Saints'  names  are  constantly  intro- 
duced, generally  in  the  possessive  case: 
examples  are  "Santa  Ana's  house," 
"Santa  ^Maria's  umbrella."  "San  Jose's 
canes."  Less  commonly  the  names  of 
other  Bible  worthies  occur;  thus  "Ad- 
am's hair."     There  is  not   always  any 

[15] 


evident  fitness  in  the  selection  of  the 
Saint  in  the  connection  established.  San 
Jose's  connection  with  rain  is  suitable 
enough.  One  would  need  to  know  a 
good  deal  regarding  local  and  popular 
hagiography  in  order  to  see  to  what 
degree  the  selections   are   appropriate. 

Sometimes  words  without  meaning, 
or  with  no  significance  in  the  connec- 
tion where  they  occur  are  used.  These 
may  serve  merely  to  fill  out  a  line  or  to 
meet  the  demands  of  metre.  Such  often 
appear  to  be  names  of  the  style  of 
"Humpty  Dumpty:"  these  may  be 
phonetically  happy,  as  similar  ones 
often  are  in  European  riddles,  fitting 
well  with  the  word  or  idea  to  be  called 
up.  Marahotania  is  probably  meaning- 
less, merely  for  euphony.  Place  names 
with  no  real  connection  with  the  thought 
are  freciuently  introduced,  as  Pantaleon, 
Mariveles.  "  Giiering-guering''  and 
''Minimin'^  are  merely  for  sound. 

Particularly  interesting  and  curious 
are  the  hisforia-vino  given  in  numbers 
312-317.  No  doubt  there  are  many  such. 
Those  here  given  were  secured  from  one 
boy  at  ]\Ialolos.  AVhen  first  examined, 
I  believed  the  boy  had  not  miderstood 
what  I  was  after.  He  assured  me  that 
they  were  hiigtoug  and  hugtong  of  the 
best  and  finest  class.     The  idea  in  these 

[16] 


is  to  propound  a  statement  in  a  paradox- 
ical form,  which  calls  for  some  refer- 
ence to  a  bible  story  or  teaching;  the 
answer  is  not  immediately  clear  and  de- 
mands a  commentary  which  is  quite 
often  subtle  and  ingenious.  Friedreich 
gives  examples  of  similar  expository  re- 
ligious riddles  from  Europe. 

A  curious  group  are  the  relationship 
riddles,  numbers  286-289,  which  closely 
resemble  trick  questions  among  our- 
selves. The  evidence  of  outside  influ- 
ence is  here  conclusive  in  the  fact  that 
the  ideas  and  terms  of  relationship  in 
them  are  purely  European,  in  nowise 
reflecting  the  characteristic  Malayan 
system  and  nomenclature. 

Some  of  the  riddles  are  distinctly 
stupid.  "I  let  the  sim  shine  on  your 
father's  back"  seems  to  mean  no  more 
than  that  the  house  roof  is  exposed  to 
the  solar  rays.  It  is  doubtful  whether 
this  means  much  even  in  the  original 
Tagal.  Of  course  many  of  the  riddles 
demand  for  their  adequate  understand- 
ing a  knowledge  of  native  customs,  which 
the  outsider  rarely  has.  Thus,  until 
one  knows  a  common  method  of  punish- 
ing naughty  children,  the  riddle  "I 
have  a  friend ;  I  do  not  like  to  face  him ' ' 
means  nothing.  Perhaps  the  most  diffi- 
cult to  adequately  present  are  some  plays 

[17] 


on  words.  These  frequently  need  a  con- 
siderable explanation.  In  some  of  these 
the  parts  of  the  word  to  guess  are  con- 
cealed in  or  are  suggested  by  the  form 
of  the  statement  and  one  must  extract 
them  and  combine  them;  such  are 
' '  iscopidor ' '  and  ^ ^ sampaloc. ' '  In  others 
the  play  depends  upon  homophony,  the 
same  sound  or  word  have  different  mean- 
ings. In  yet  a  third  class  the  answer  is 
a  smart  Aleck  sort  of  an  affair,  "How 
do  you  take  a  deer  without  net,  dogs, 
spear,  or  other  things  for  catching?" 
"Cooked."  Most  inane  of  all,  but  with 
plenty  of  analogues  among  ourselves,  are 
those  where  the  answer  itself  is  intro- 
duced into  the  question  with  the  inten- 
tion to  mislead;  "Its  skin  is  green  and 
its  flesh  is  red  like  a  watermelon." 
"Watermelon." 

Filipino  riddles  are  mostly  given  out 
by  young  people.  When  several  are 
gathered  together  they  will  question 
and  answer;  they  are  much  in  vogue 
when  a  young  gentleman  calls  upon  his 
sweetheart ;  among  Tagals  and  Pampan- 
gans  at  least  the  chief  occasion  for  giv- 
ing hugtong  is  when  a  little  group  are 
watching  at  night  beside  a  corpse.  In 
propounding  a  riddle  it  is  not  uncom- 
mon to  challenge  attention  by  repeating 
as  witty  a  rhyme,  which  is  quite  as  often 

[  18  1 


coarse    as    witty.      One    Tagal    example 
runs : 

Bugtong  CO  ka  Piro! 

Turan  mo  ka  Baldo ! 

Pag  hindi  mo  naturan 

Hindi  ea  nang  iwang; 

Pag  maturan  mo 

^lav  tae  ang  pnit  mo. 

I  have  a  bugtong  compadre  P  I 

Guess  it  compadre  B ! 

If  you  cannot  guess  it 

You  have  not  cleaned  yourself; 

If  you  do  not  guess  it 

You   are   dirty. 

AYe  have  mentioned  two  references  to 
^lalay  riddles.  Of  the  eight  given  in 
Rizal's  paper  five  have  been  given  us 
by  our  informants.  As  Rizal's  entire 
paper  will  be  reprinted  in  another  vol- 
ume of  this  series  we  have  not  copied 
the  other  three.  Sibree's  paper  is  im- 
portant for  comparison,  since  it  pre- 
sents matter  drawn  from  the  uttermost 
point  of  ^Malaysia.  ^Madagascar,  which 
has  been  unaffected  by  Spanish  influ- 
ence. Sibree's  article  is  translated  fr(~>m 
a  little  book  by  another  missionary,  the 
Rev.  Louis  Dahle.  Dahle's  book  is  en- 
titled Specimens  of  Malayasij  Folklore 
and  its  material  is  presented  in  ^lalag- 

ri9i 


asy  only.  ]\Ir.  Sibree  translates  twenty 
of  his  riddles.  They  are  in  character 
and  flavor  like  many  of  the  Filipino 
riddles.  As  Sibree  does  not  give  the 
native  text  and  I  have  not  seen  Dahl's 
book,  I  cannot  know  whether  they  are 
rhymed.  They  are  all  of  the  type  of 
true  riddles  to  be  guessed,  descriptions 
wherein  one  or  two  characteristics  or 
striking  features  are  presented,  either 
directly  or  figuratively.  Examination 
of  this  little  series  deepens  an  impres- 
sion already  made  by  study  of  our  own 
collection,  namely,  that  the  true  riddles 
in  our  series  are  largely  original  Filipino 
while  the  insoluble  riddles,  the  catches, 
the  plays  on  words,  are  those  where  for- 
eign influence  is  most  evident.  Although 
Sibree 's  article  is  easily  accessible,  we 
quote  a  few  of  thees  ^lalagasy  examples 
for  comparison. 

' '  Cut  and  no  wound  seen  V  "  Water, ' ' 
is  our  number  231. 

**The  mother  says  let  us  stand  up, 
but  the  children  say  let  us  lie  across?" 
"A  ladder."  and  ''At  night  they  come 
without  being  fetched  and  by  day  they 
are  lost,  without  being  stolen?"  ''The 
stars."  are  quite  in  the  style  and  spirit 
of  Filipino  riddles.  Compare  "Coarse 
rafia  cloth  outside  and  white  robe  in- 
side?" ."Manioc  root"  with  the  "Poor 
r2ci 


outside;  rich  within,"  ''Langea"  of  the 
Iloeano. 

The  order  of  presentation  of  these  rid- 
dles has  been  a  considerable  problem. 
To  arrange  them  rigidly  in  Petsch's  or- 
der of  development  might  have  been 
fairly  satisfactory  but  would  have  ren- 
dered the  finding  of  any  desired  riddle 
difficult.  We  have  struck  out  a  crude 
arrangement  in  alphabetical  order  of 
the  English  answers,  with  subdivisions 
under  some  general  headings.  The  ar- 
rangement is  not  scientific  nor.  complete- 
ly developed,  but  it  will  perhaps  work 
fairly  Avell  in  practice.  The  original 
text  is  first  given  for  riddle  and  answer ; 
the  English  translation  of  both  follows: 
then  are  given  such  explanation  and 
comment  as  are  necessary.  When  a  rid- 
dle occurs  in  different  languages,  the 
text  of  the  question  is  given  in  one.  but 
the  fact  of  its  occurrence  in  others  is 
indicated. 

We  are  indebted  to  many  for  assist- 
ance. The  list  is  too  long  for  individual 
aclmowledgment.  To  our  original  Ilo- 
eano helpers  this  little  book  is  dedicated. 
To  ]\Iessrs.  George  T.  Shoens,  Francisco 
A.  Santos  (Calumpit),  Rufino  Santos 
(Arayat)  and  Conrado  Benitez  (Pag- 
sanghan),  Ave  are  so  deeply  indebted 
•  that  their  names  must  be  mentioned.   To 

[21] 


school  boys  in  Agoo,  San  Fernando 
(Union),  Malolos,  ^Manila  and  Tayng, 
we  owe  many  thanks.  Would  that  the 
publication  of  this  imperfect  collection 
might  lead  to  their  greater  interest  in  a 
neglected  section  of  their  folklore.  Some 
]\Ialay  worker  ought  to  perfect  and  com- 
plete the  work  here  begun. 

This  volume  is  the  first  number  of  a 
series  of  little  books  which  the  under- 
signed plans  to  bring  out  under  the  gen- 
eral title  of  Philippine  Studies.  Each 
number  will  treat  of  a  distinct  and  sep- 
arate subject ;  each  will  be  independent. 
The  extent  to  which  the  series  will  be 
developed,  will  depend  upon  the  recep- 
tion given  to  it  and  the  degree  in  which 
it  appears  to  respond  to  a  real  need. 
Two  numbers  at  any  rate  are.  already 
arranged  and  the  second  should  appear 
within  a  year. 

Frederick  Starr. 

September,  1909. 


BIBLIOGRAPHY 

OF     WORKS     MENTIONED    IN     THE 
INTRODUCTION 

Bernheisel,  K.  Korean  Conundrums. 
Korean   Review,   1905,   pp.   81-86. 

Bloomfield,  M.  Religion  of  the  Veda, 
pp.   215-218. 

(Sanskrit    Riddles.)    Journal    Ameri- 
can Oriental  Society,  Vol.  X,  p.  172. 

Dahle.  L.  Specimens  of  ^lalagasy  Folk- 
Lore.  Atananarivo,  1877,  8vo,  pp. 
■157.  Del  pequeno  Adivinadorcito. 
]\lexico.  Five  chap-books,  16mo  each, 
16  pp. 

Demofilo.  Colleccion  de  enigmas  y  adi- 
vinanzas.    Sevilla,  1880.    8vo,  pp.  495. 

Friedreich,  J.  B.  Geschichte  des  Ratsels. 
Dresden,   1860.     8vo,  pp.  viii,  248. 

Fiihrer.  A.  Sanskritische  Ratsel.  Zeit- 
schrift  der  Deutsch.  Morganlander 
Gesel.   1885.   pp.   99-102. 

Haug.  Vedische  Ratselfragen  und  Rat- 
selspruche.  Trans.  ^Munich  Academy, 
1875. 

Krauss,  F.  S.     Allegemeine  ]\lethodik  d. 
Volkskimde  1891-97,  p.  112. 
[23] 


Korean  Conundrums.  Korean  Review. 
Seoul,  1906.     pp.  59-60. 

Lakshminatha  upasaru.  Collection  of 
Riddles.    Patna,  1888  .    32mo,  pp.  32. 

Ludwig.     Der  Rig  Veda.     iii.  pp.  390. 

Mitra,  Sarat  Chandra.  Riddles  current 
in  Bihar.  Jouranl  Asiatic  Society, 
1901,  8vo.  pp.  33-58. 

Petsch,  R.  Studien  iiber  das  Volksratsel. 
Berlin,  1898,  8vo,  pp.  139. 

Phillott,  D.  C.  Persian  Riddles.  Cal- 
cutta, 1906.  Journal  Asiatic  Society 
of  Bengal,  pp.  86-94. 

Rizal,  J.  Specimens  of  Tagal  Folk-Lore. 
London,  1889,  Triibner's  Record,  pp. 
45-46. 

Sibree,  Jr.,  J.  The  Oratory,  Songs,  Le- 
gends and  Folk-Tales  of  the  IMalagas.y. 
London,  1883,  Folk-Lore  Journal,  pp. 
38-40. 

Two  Gypsy  Riddles.  Journal  Gypsy 
Folk-Lore  Society,  1907,  pp.  92. 

Wagner,  P.  Some  Kolarian  Riddles. 
Calcutta,  1904.  Journal  Asiatic  So- 
ciety of  Bengal,  pp.   62-79. 


[24 


FILIPINO  RIDDLES 

Animals:  mammals. 

1.  Ania  iti  pinarsna  iti  Dios  a  balin 
snec  a  matnrog? 

(Hoc.)  Panniqui 

What  thing  that  God  made  sleeps 
with  its  head  down?  Bat 

2.  Pantas  ca  man,  at  marimong  bimi- 
asa  at  sumulat,  aling  ibon  dito  sa 
mundo  ang  lumilipad  ay  sumiisuso 
ang  anak? 

(Tag.)  Kabag 

Although  you  are  wise  and  know 
how  to  read  and  write,  which  bird 
in  this  world  flies  and  yet  suckles 
its  young?  Bat 

3.  Uppat  iti  adiguina,  maysa  iti  ba- 
otna,  dua  iti  paypa\Tia,  dua  iti 
boneng. 

(Hoc.)  Carabao 

Four  posts,  one  whip,  two  fans,  and 
two  bolos.  Carabao 

[25] 


4.  Apat  na  tukod  lang:it  at  isang  pang 
hagupit. 

(Tag.)  Kalabao 

Four  earth  posts,  two  air  posts  and 
Avhip.  Carabao 

5.  Saque}"  so  torutoro  duaray  quepay- 
quepay  a  patiray  mansobsoblay. 

(Pang.)  Dueg 

One  pointing,  two  moving,  four 
changing.  Carabao 

The  head  points,,  the  ears  move,  the  legs 

change  position. 

6.  Xu  mat-tut-lud  ay  atanang  udde; 
nu  mat-tadag  ay  ibbafa. 

(Gad.)  Atu 

If  he  sits  down  he  is  high ;  if  he 
stands  up  he  is  low.  Dog 

7.  Adda   maysa   nga   parsua   ni    Apo 
Dios  nga  adda  uppat  a  sacana, 
ipusna  quen  maysa  nga  ulona  nga 
aoan  ti  imana. 

(Hoc.)  Caballo 

There  is  one  creature  of  our  Lord 
God  which  has  four  legs  and  a  tail 
and  one  head;  but  it  has  no  arms. 

Horse 

[26  1 


8.  Carga  nang  carga  ay  iialang  npa. 

(Tag.)  Babuy 

Always  working  and  no  pay. 

The  pig 
He  is  ever  eating  garbage  and  waste. 

9.  Eto   na   si   "Xuno,"   may    siinong 
na  quinto. 

(Tag.)  Babuy 

Here  comes  ''Ximo"  with  gold  on 
his  head.  Pig 

The  pig  is  a  constant  scavenger  and 
frequents  the  space  below  latrines  and 
privies;  it  is  a  common  thing  that  his 
snout  is  yellow^  as  result  of  his  search. 

KJ.  ]\Iagmagna  ni   inam  sangsangitam. 

(Hoc.)  Burias 

A\'hile   the   mother   is   walking   the 

child  is  crying.  A  little  pig 

11.  Adda  maysa  nga  lacay  gomogoyod 
ti  oay. 

(Hoc.)  Bab 

There  is  an  old  man,  who  always 
drags  rattan.  Rat 

i.  e.  his  tail. 

[27] 


12.  Kahoy  cong  ]\Iarigundong,  na  san- 
gay  ualang  dahon. 

^  (Tag.)  Sungay 

My  tree  in  Marigiindong  (town  in 
Cavite)  has  branches  but  no  leaves. 

Horn 
The  branching  horn  of  a  deer. 

13.  Maco    ca    quian,   yacu   naman    ing 
quian. 

(Pamp.)       Ding    bitis    daring 
animal   a   tiapat   a   bitis   nung 
lalacad  ya. 
Away!  let  me  have  your  place. 
The  forward  legs  of  an  animal 
The  hind  feet  tread  in  the  prints  of  the 
forefeet. 

Bell. 

14.  Xang  hataken  co  ang  baging  nag- 
kagulo  ang  niatsing, 

(Tag.)  Batingao 

"When  I  pulled  the  vine  the  mon- 
keys came   around.  Bell 

15.  Tinugtog  CO  ang  bangca  nagsilapit 
ang  isda. 

(Tag.)  Campana  sa  misa 

[28] 


I    rang   the   banca    and   the   fishes 
came.  Bell 

Banea  is  the  canoe  or  boat ;  to  strike  it 
as  with  the  pole  is  to  ring  it.  People 
called  to  mass  by  the  ringing  bell  are 
likened  to  fishes. 

16.  Togtoquec  ti  teppang 
agarayat  ti  bagsang 

(Hoc.)  Campana 

I  strike  upon  the  washout  and  the 
hag  sang  come  for  help. 
The  curved  side  of  the  bell  is  compared 
to  a  washed  out  slope  or  curve  of  the 
bank;  the  hagsang  are  small  fishes;  the 
bell  is  the  church  bell  —  the  little  fishes 
are  the  people. 

17.  Otin  nen  laquic  Tapal  ni  baleuet 
ed  corral  manaquis,  ya  agnaecal. 

(Pang.)  Campana 

Tapal's   hanging   within   the 

corral  is  crj^ing  to  get  out.       Bell 

Tapal  is  a  nickname  for  an  old  man. 

Betel. 

18.  Adda  tallo  nga  babbalasang  quet  no 
mapanda  maquimisa ;  iti  caoes  ti 
maysa  ata  berde,  quet  dadiay  maysa 

[29] 


ata  porao,  quen  dadiay  maysa  ata 
lomabaga ;  quet  norommiiardan  ata 
malabaga  ainin  iti  caoesdan. 

(Hoc.)  Mamabuyo 

There  are  three  ladies  who  went  to 
mass;  the  dress  of  one  was  green, 
of  another  white,  of  the  other  red; 
when  they  came  out  together  the 
dresses  of  all  were  red.  Betel 

19.  Nasatiyan    pa    nang   kanyang    ina, 
kinuha  at  pinapagasawa. 

(Tag.) 

Ang  bungang  isinasama  sa  itso 
Still  in  his  mother's  body  was 
taken  and  made  to  marry.  Betel 
The  areca  nut  is  first  taken  out  of 
its  covering  before  being  united 
with  the  betel  leaf  and  lime. 

20.  Bulong  tiptipparo;   puso  balasang 
baro. 

(Hoc.)  Mama 

A  tiptipparo  leaf;  the  heart,  a 
young  man   and   a   young   woman. 

Betel 

21.  Papel   a  berde   sinoratac   ti   purao 

[30] 


quet   intedco   iti   sangaili   clina    in- 
subli. 

(Hoc.)  Gaoed 

I  wrote  a  green  paper  with  white: 

I  gave  it  to  my  visitor  and  he  did 

not  return  it.  Betel-leaf 

White  lime  is  smeared  upon  the  green 

leaf,  which  is  then  used  to  enwrap  a  bit 

of  areca  nut  for  chewing. 

Birds. 

22.  Xagcapa  dimet  nagpadi; 
Xagcorona  dimet  nagari. 

(Hoc.)  Manoc 

Gown  but  not  priest ;  crown  but  not 
king.  Cock 

23.  Xancorona  agmuet  ari ;  nan  capa 
agmuet  pari. 

(Pang.)  Manoc 

The  king's  crown  but  not  king;  the 
priest's  cope,  but  not  priest.      Cock 

24.  Ania  ti  pinarsua  ni  Apo  Dios  nga 
ag-gungon  ti  maquimbaba  quet  ag- 
pidot  ti  maquin  ngato  ? 

(Hoc.)  ]\Ianoe 

What  thing  that   Lord   God   made 

[311 


sifts  below  and  picks  up  above? 

Fowl 

25.  Dinay  penalsay  Dios  ya  managtay 
carne  ? 

(Pang.)  Manoc 

What  creature  of  God  is  with  meat 
on  its  head?  Cock 

26.  Ania  a  parsuo  ni'Apo  Dios  ti  nag- 
susoon  ti  carne  nga  aoan  ti  imana? 

(Hoc.)  Tapingar 

AYhat    creature    of   our   Lord    God 
carries  meat  but  has  no  hands? 

Cock 
The  meat  is  the  cock's  comb, 

27.  T7yana-uyana     mamuntuk     y  a  n  g 
baya! 

(Pamp.)  ]\Ianuc 

Here  he  comes  with  glowing  char- 
coal on  his  head !  A  cock 

28.  Xo  umayac  idiay  bala^^o 
agtuptupuaccayo. 

(Hoc.)  Manoc 

If  I  come  to  your  house  you  will 
jump  away.  Fowl 

Boats. 

29.  Ania  ti  pinarsua  ni  Apo  Dios  nga 


ipagnana  ti  bocotna? 

(Hoc.)  Baloto 

AVhat  creature  made  by  Lord  God 
walks  on  its  back?  Boat 

30.  Oalay  asoc  ya  quisquis  no  onbatic 
tirakiang. 

(Pang.)  Baloto 

I  have  a  hairless  dog,  who  goes 
belly  upward.  Boat 

31.  Xaligo  ang  eapitan  hindi  nabasa 
ang  tian. 

(Tag.)  Banca 

The  captain  took  a  bath  without  his 
belly  getting  Avet.  Banca 

32.  Adda  impatacderco  a  caoayan  no 
agbolong  intan. 

(Hoc.)  Parao 

I  set  up  a  banibu ;  if  it  leafs  out  we 
shall  go.  Prao 

The  bambu  set  up  is  the  mast ;  the  leaf 

is  the  sail. 

33.  Xano  nga  cahoy  nga  con  may  da- 
hon  may  gamut,  pero  con  ua-ay 
gani  dahon  ua-ay  man  sing  gamut? 

(Bis.)  Parao 

AVhat  tree  is  it.  that  when  it  has 
[33] 


leaves  it  also  has  roots,  but  when  it 
has  no  leaves  it  also  has  no  roots  ? 

Parao 
Sail,  rudder  and  oars. 

34.  Nagalacat  nagahayang. 

(Bis.)  Sacayan 

He  walks  with  his  back.        A  ship 

35.  Manica  maco  tana, 
tipa  ca  queti  tana. 

(Pamp)  Ancla 

Come  up  and  let  us  go.  go  down 
and  here  we  stay.  Anchor 

Body:  parts. 

36.  Ania  ti  pinarsna  ti  Dios  a  masicog 
ti  licudan  ? 

(Hoc.)  Botoy 

What  thing  created  by  God  has  the 
fullness  of  pregnancy  (masicog) 
behind  1  The  calf  of  the  leg 

Masicog  is  the  swollen  abdomen  of  the 

pregnant  woman. 

37.  Bulong  ti  cappa-cappa  nagtalicud 
nagpada. 

(Hoc.)  Lapayag 

Cappa-cappa  leaves  placed  back  to 
back.  Ears 

[34] 


38.  Daluang  balon  hindi  malingon. 

(Tag.)  Tainga 

Two    wells,    of    which   you    cannot 
catch  sight.  (Your)  ears 

39.  Pito  iti  taoana ; 
taltallo  iti  requepna. 

(Hoc.)     Lapayag.  agong,  mata, 

ngioat 
There    are    seven    windows;    only 
three  shut. 

Ears,  nostrils,  eyes,  mouth 

40.  Sipac  nga  sipac,  saan  nga  mangeg 
ti  caaroba. 

(Hoc.)  .    Mata 

Claps  and  claps,  but  the  neighbors 
do  not  hear.  Eyes 

41.  Tepac  cac  tan  tepac  agnereguel  na 
ybae. 

(Pang.)  Mata 

Clapping    and    clapping    but    my 
companions  cannot  hear  me.     Eyes 

42.  Dalana  cong  cahon  bucsan  ualang 
ugong. 

(Tag.)  Mata 

I  open  my  two  boxes  noiselessly. 

Eyes 

[35] 


43.  Dalawang  batong  maitim  malayo 
ang  dinarating. 

(Tag.)  Mata 

Two  black  stones  which  reach  far. 

Eyes 

44.  Dalawang  tindahan  sabay  iia  binu 
bucsan. 

(Tag.)  :\rata 

Two  stores  are  open  at  the  same 
time.  Eyes 

45.  Adda  dua  nga  Princesas  quet  nag- 
seng  nga  tan  da  iti  dua  nga  ban- 
tay;  no  agsangit  iti  maysa  agsangit 
danga  dua. 

(Hoc.)  Mata 

There  are  two  princesses,  who  live 
on  the  two  sides  of  a  mountain ; 
when  one  cries  both  cry.      The  eyes 

46.  Adda  dua  nga  pisi  agtongpal  idiay 
langit. 

(Hoc.)  Mata 

There  are  two  halves;  they  go  to- 
ward the  sky.  Eyes 

47.  ]Malaon  nang  patay  hindi  maibaon 
at  buhay  ang  capit  bahay. 

(Tag.)     Bulag  ang  isang  mata 

[36] 


It  is  a  long  time  since  it  died,  yet  it 
can  not  be  buried  for  its  neighbor 
is  still  alive.  One  blind  eye 

48.  Senora  a  samsamping  addai  ti  uneg 
ti  sarming. 

(Hoc.)  Taotao  ti  mata 

A  samsamping  is  in  the  middle  of 
the  mirror.       The  pupil  of  the  eye 

49.  Daluang  balahibuhen  masarap  pag 
daiten. 

(Tag.)  Mata  at  kilay 

Two  hairy  things,  it's  pleasant  to 
have  them  meet.  Eyelids 

50.  Adda  dua  nga  Princesa  quet  nag- 
baetanda  ti  maysa  nga  bantay  quet 
daytoy  a  bantay  adda  met  dua  nga 
oaig  quet  no  agsangit  daguitoy  a 
Princesa  agayos  met  daytoy  nga 
oaig  ngem  no  saanda  nga  agsangit 
mamagaan  daguitoy  nga  oaig. 

(Hoc.)  ]\Iata  quen  agung 

There  are  two  princesses  with  a 
mountain  between  them.  In  this 
mountain  are  two  brooks  and  when 
the    princesses    cry    these    brooks 

[371 


flow   and   when   the   princesses   do 
not  cry  the  brooks  dry  up. 

Eyes  and  nose 

51.  Isang  biyabas 
pito  ang  butas. 

(Tag.)  :\rukha 

One  guava  with  seven  holes.      Face 

52.  Limang  puno  nang  niog; 
isay  matayog. 

(Tag.)  Dalire 

Five  cocoanut  pahns ;  one  is  higher. 

Fingers 

53.  Adda  lima  nga  Principes  nagcallo- 
gongda  amin  ti  pisi. 

(Hoc.)  Ramay 

There   are   five   princes    and   their 
hat  is  one  half.  Fingers 

The  nails  are  the  hats. 

54.  Adda  maysa  nga  calapati  nga  nag- 
na  ti  tinga  ti  ili  manocayo  cona  ti 
ari  no  adda  mainayon  nga  pisi 
justo  nga  dua  polo  cami. 

(Hoc.)  Ramay 

There  is  a  dove  that  walked  in  the 

middle   of  the   town.     How   many 

are  you  said  the  king.    If  there  is  a 

[381 


half  added  we  shall  be  twenty. 

Fingers 
^)'}.  Ni  ni  conconana 
aoan  ti  matana 

(Hoc.)  Tammodo 

Here,  here,  he  says,  but  has  no  eyes. 

Forefinger 
It  points  here  and  there,  touching  the 
things  in  question,  but  it  cannot  see. 

56.  Tata   baculud    ay    ain-mena   maita 
na  ut-tunna  si  catanang-nga. 

(Gad.)  Quiray 

A  mountain  the  summit  of  which 
cannot  be  seen,  being  very  high. 

Forehead 

57.  Tubo  sa  punso,  ualang  buko. 

(Tag.)  Buhoc 

Sugar-cane  on  clay,  with  no  joints 
(knots).  Hair 

58.  Cahoy  nga   tambalisa,  tapson   indi 
malaya. 

(Bis.)  Buhoc 

A  plant  which  does  not  fade  when 
cut  down.  Hair 

59.  Iclog  iti  calao  bolig  iti  lima. 

(Hoc.)  Ima 

[39] 


The  ealao's  egg  is  five-parted. 

Hand 
The  calao  is  the  hornbill ;  the  egg  here 
in  question  is  perhaps  his  strange  head- 
excrescence. 

60.  Isang  bayabas  peto  ang  butas. 

(Tag.)  Ulo 

One  guava  with  seven  holes.    Head 

61.  Isa  ca  bimgsud  nga  pito  ang  iya 
buho. 

(Bis.)  Olo 

A  small  hill  having  seven  holes. 

Head 

62.  Sica  a  tao  ti  van  ti  minuterum. 

(Hoc.)  Puso 

You  are  the  man  who  has  the  min- 
ute-beater. Heart 
Mi7iuterum  the  pendulum  beating. 

63.  Xo  agtacderac  ania  ngata  ti  omona 
a  ipagnac? 

(Hoc.)  Mocod 

If  I  stand,  what  will  be  the  first 
that  steps?  Heel 

64.  Daluang  bangiasan  nag  hahagaran. 

(Tag.)  Binte 

[40] 


Two  fence  stakes  chasing  each 
other.  Legs 

65.  Atian  na  ing  gulut ;  ing  gulut  na 
ysL  ing  atian, 

(Pamp.)  Bitis 

Its  front  is  the  back,  and  its  back 
is  the  front. 

The  lower  leg  (below  the  knee) 

66.  Adda  oaig  a  bassit  napnut  bnebu- 
caig. 

(Hoc.)  Xgioat 

There  is  a  small  brook  filled  with 
shells.  Mouth 

67.  Isang  balong  malalem. 
punong  puon  nang  pataleni. 

(Tag.)  Bibig 

A  deep  well  is  filled  with  chisels, 

:\routh' 

68.  Isa  ca  cahon-cahon  nga  punu  sang 
tignib. 

(Bis.)  Baba 

A  box  full  of  chisels.  ]\Iouth 

69.  Dna  nga  bobon  napnot  allid  quen 
da  gum, 

(Hoc.)  Agung 

[41] 


Two  wells  filled  with  wax  and  nee- 
dles. Nose 

70.  Baston  ti  Ygorot 
diea  maparot 

(Hoc.)  Bato 

The  cane  of  the  Igorot,  yoii  cannot 
pull  np.  Penis 

71.  ]\Iapatar  ya  dalin  tinoboay  garing. 

(Pang.)  Ngipuen 

Plain  earth  has  gro^^^l  ivory. 

Teeth 

72.  Umona  nga  aglaguis  sa  agdarecdec. 

(Hoc.)  Ngipen 

First  place  the  bars  and  then  the 
posts.  The  teeth 

The  comparison  is  with  fence-building. 
Here  the  posts  are  first  set,  and  then  the 
cross-pieces.  The  babe  has  first  smooth, 
horizontal  gums;  then  the  upright  teeth 
appear. 

73.  Nagapanilong  apang  basa. 

(Bis.)  Dila 

He  is  under  the  shed  but  is  always 
wet.  Tongue 

[42] 


74.  Enlongon      eiiipaiition      onbangon 
maiLsermoii. 

(Pang.)  Dila 

Coffin  in  graveyard  Avakes  up  ser- 
mon. Tongue 

75.  Xa  manantang  ay  niaceataua 
udde  na  mannam  a}"  malussao. 

(Gad.)  Attut 

He  who  loses  it  rejoices,  but  he  who 
finds  it  gets  mad  at  it. 

Bad  odor;  breaking  wind 

76.  Iti    nacapoeao    agayayat    quet    iti 
nacabiroc  agong  onget. 

(Hoc.)  Ottot 

Who  loses  it  is  glad ;  who  finds  it  is 

mad.  Bad  odor 

Breaking  of  wind 

77.  ]\ragna  sirirquep  no  nacalueat  madi 
met. 

(Hoc.)  Mucat 

It  walks  while  it  is  shut ;  when  it 
is  open  it  does  not  care  to  walk. 
Secretion    from   eye    corner 

78.  Aso  cong  pute  inutusan  co,  ay  hin- 
di  na  umue. 

(Tag.)  Lura 

[43] 


I  sent   out  my  white  dog  and  he 
did  not  return.  Spittle 

The  practice  of  spitting,  even  unrelated 
to  betel-chewing  or  tobacco-chewing,   is 
far  commoner  among  the  Filipinos  than 
among  ourselves. 
Book. 

79.  Tinadtacl  a  root 
insenpen   a  panonot. 

(Hoc.)  Libro 

Chopped  grass  hidden  in  the  mind. 

Book 
Fodder  or  ''food  for  thought." 

80.  Nagbulong  nagbunga  nanganac  di- 
ay  nangala. 

(Hoc.)  Pagbasan 

It  has  leaves  and  fruits.  Godfather 
took  it.  Book 

Candle. 

81.  Ania  iti  anac  a  pooranna  iti  baguis 
ni  inana? 

(Hoc.)  Canclela 

What   son   burns  his   mother's   in- 
testines? Candle 

82.  Tite  nang  pare,  mapute. 

(Tag.)  Candela 

[44] 


The  priest's is  white.    Candle 

88.  Kung  babayaan  mong  ako  ay  mab- 
uhay  yaong  kamatayay  dagli  kong 
kakamtan,  ngungit  kung  akoy  pa- 
taing  paminsan  ay  lalong  lalawig 
ang  ingat  kong  buhay. 

(Tag.)  Kandilang  may  sindi 
If  you  let  me  live  I  shall  soon  die ; 
if  you  kill  me  I  shall  live  long. 

A  lighted  candle 

84.  ]Masondug  a  cayu  talaque  na  donna. 

(Gad.)  Candelat 

A  slender  tree  which  bears  only  one 
leaf.  Lighted  candle 

85.  Isang  butel  na  palay  punong  punc 
ang  bahay. 

(Tag.)  Ilao 

A  grain  of  rice  fills  the  whole  house. 

Light 
The  flame  of  a  candle  is  a  little  thing, 
comparable  to  a  rice  grain ;  yet  it  gives 
light  to  the  whole  house. 
Cardinal  Points. 

86.  Adda  uppat  a  nga  amigos;  idi  na- 
parsua   toy  lubong   inda   naisigud. 

(Hoc.)  Uppat  aturong 

[45  1 


There  are  four  friends;  the,y  have 
existed   since   the   beginning. 

The  four  directions 
Clock:  Watch. 

87.  Aldao  rabii  agririaoac. 

(Hoc.)  Reloj 

Day  and  night  I  cry.  Clock 

88.  Amanu  na  mararamdam.  dapot 
masaquit  yang  intindian,  nung  ing 
lupa  na  ing  quecang  lauan  a  usta 
mu  ing  qucang  sasabian. 

(Pang.)  Eelos 

His  words  are  audible  but  difficult 
to  understand;  when  you  look  at 
his  face  you  will  understand  what 
he  says.  Clock 

89.  Ania  ti  parsua  ni  apo  Dios  nga 
aoan  ti  imana  nga  aoan  ti  sacana 
quet  ammona  ti  agsao? 

(Hoc.)  Leros=reloJ 

What  creature  of  God  has  no  arms 
and  legs,  but  can  talk?  Clock 

Coffin. 

90.  Ang  nagapahimo  nagahibi ;  ang 
nagahimo  indi  iya ;  ang  tag-iya  uala 

[46] 


sing  calibutan. 

(Bis.)  Longon 

The  one  who  orders  it  made  is  cry- 
ing; the  one  who  has  it,  it  is  not  his 
to  give;  the  one  who  .owns  it  does 
not  care  anything  about  it. 

Coffin 

Disease. 

91.  Taong  buhay  inaanay. 

(Tag.)  Bulutong 

A  living  person  being  eaten  up  by 
' '  anay. ' '  Smallpox 

Anay.  termites   or  white   ants. 

92.  Ania  ti  pagayatan  na  a  mabalud. 

(Hoc.)  Ti  masaquit 

AYhy  does  he  wish  to  be  in  prison  ? 

Pain 

Dress. 

93.  Dadiay  adalem  agassiquet; 
dadiay  ababao  agatengngned. 

(Hoc, — also  Pang..  Bis.) 

Calzon :  l)ado 
AYhat  is  deep  reaches  only  to  the 
waist ;  what  is  shallow  comes  to  the 
neck.  Drawers;  jacket 

[47] 


94.  Daluang  pipit  nag  titimbangan  sa 
isang  siit. 

(Tag.)  Hicao 

Two  pipits  balancing  on  a  bambu 
stick.  Earrings 

The  pipit  is  a  small  bird. 

95.  Bumili  ako  nang  alipin  mataas  pa 
sa  akin. 

(Tag.)  Sambalilo 

I  bought  a  slave,  taller  than  myself. 

Hat 

96.  Aniat  aramid  a  canennaca. 

(Hoc.)  Bado 

"What  work  devours  you.  Camisa 
The  word  work  is  used  in  several  of 
these  riddles  with  the  meaning  of  a  thing 
made,  a  manufactured  article.  The 
camisa  is  a  shirt. 

97.  Xacaquitaac   iti   dua    a   sasacayan ; 
maymaysat  naglugan. 

(Hoc.)  Zap  at  OS 

I  saw  two  boats ;  only  one  person 
was  on  board.  Shoes 

98.  Dala  mo  siya, 
dala  ca  niya. 

(Tag.)  .  Bakia 

[48] 


You  carry  it,  it  carries  you.      Shoe 
99.  Dalan  mucu,  dalan  da  ca, 
mipa  quinabang  cata. 

(Pamp.)  Sapin 

Carry  me,  I  will  carry  you;  let  us 
share  alike.  Shoes 

Drinks. 

100.  Con  aga  naga  lapta.  pero  eon  hapon 
naga  tipon. 

(Bis.)  Tuba 

In  the  morning  it  is  scattered  in 
many  places,  but  in  the  evening  it 
is  imited  into  one  place.  Tuba 

An  intoxicating  drink  made  from  cocoa- 
palm  sap ;  it  is  gathered  daily.  In  the 
morning  it  is  at  the  trees  which  yield; 
at  evening  it  is  brought  in  and  stored. 

101.  Adda  maysa  a  balasang  conana  toy 
maysa  a  baro  no  ayatennac  dacquel 
ti  pagdacsam. 

(Hoc.)  Arac 

There  was  a  lady  said  to  a  gentle- 
man ''If  you  love  me  it  will  harm 
you."  Wine 

Egg. 

102.  Yti  pagapugan  ti  Ari; 

[49] 


no  malnetan  saan  nga  maisiibli. 

(Hoc.)  Itlog 

The   limebox  of  the   king;    if  you 
open  it  you  cannot  restore  it. 

An  egg 

103.  Adda  bayabasco  idiay  ^lanila  aoan 
ti  pamorosanna. 

(Hoc.)  Itlog 

I  have  a  guava  in  ]\Ianila  that  has 

no  stem.  Egg 

104.  Aug  balay  sang  encantadora  ua-ay 
ventana  ua-ay  puerta. 

(Bis.)       '  Itlog 

The  house  of  an  enchantress  which 
has  neither  window  nor  door. 

Egg 

Fishes. 

105.  Lindus  ne  enetiran, 

dapot  king  asbuk  ya  milulan. 

(Pamp.)  Balulingi 

Harpooning  at  it  he  missed  it,  but 
it  went  into  his  mouth. 

Balulungi 
The  shovel-nosed  shark.  In  aiming  at 
food,  if  it  really  enters  his  mouth  which 

[50] 


is  below  the  long  and  projecting  snout, 
he  must  seem  to  miss  it. 

106.  Adda  maysa  nga  laeav;  puquis  nga 
oacray. 

(Hoc.)  Corita 

There  is  an  old  man ;  his  hair  cut 
short,  the  hair  hangs.  Corita 

It  is  a  fish,  with  slender,  pendent,  feel- 
ers. 

107.  Asino  ti  nabiag  a  togtogaoanna  ti 
ngeoatna  ■ 

(Hoc.)  Corita 

^"hat     living     thing     sits     on     its 
mouth  ?  Corita 

108.  Ania   iti   parsua  ni  Apo  Dios  nga 
pispisi  iti  baguina  ? 

(Hoc.)  Dadali 

"What  creature  of  our  Lord  God  is 
but  a  half-body?  Flounder 

109.  Xag  saeng  si  pusong,  sa  ibabao  ang 
gatong. 

(Tag.)  Bibingca 

The  clown  cooked  rice  with  the  lire 
above.  Cake 

110.  Tignan,  tignan,  bago  ngiuitan. 

(Tag.)  ^  Mais 

[511 


Look  at  it  first,  before  making  a 
face  at  it.  Corn 

Refers  to  eating  it  from  the  cob. 

111.  Pina  pina  marabotinia 
no  aoan  dayta  matayea. 

(Hoc.)  Bagas 

Pina  pina  marabotinia, 
If  there  is  none  yon  will  die. 

Rice 

112.  Siasino  ngata  ti  nagbuniag  a  daga? 

(Hoc.)  A  sin 

What  earth  has  been  baptised? 

Salt 

113.  Aniat  cangatoan  a  recado? 

(Hoc.)  Asin 

What  is  the  best  spice?  Salt 

11-1.  Perlas  yang  maningning  a  ibat 
qung  mina,  nnng  mibalic  ya  qung 
penibatana  matda  ing  ningning  na. 
(Pamp.)  Asin 

A  sparkling  pearl  that  came  from 
the  mine,  in  going  to  its  source 
loses  its  brilliancy.  Salt 

The  original  source  was  the  sea;  but  in 

Avater  salt  dissolves. 

[52  1 


Fruit. 

115.  ^latebtibonee  malimtimbocol  bago- 
bagooay  tapuco  anbalbalangay  da- 
lem. 

(Pang.)  Atsuete 

Round,  plump;  hairy  outside;  red 
inside.  Atsuete 

A  red  fruit  used  for  seasoning  fish. 

116.  Ulo  ng  prineipe  tinadtad  ng  ispile. 

(Tag.)  Bunga  ng  bangcol 

Head  of  a  prince  stuck  full  of  pins. 

Bangcol 
It  is  like  a  round  ball  stuck  with  pins. 

117.  Dinan  van  penalsay  Dios  ya  loab 
tod  tabla  it  say  paoay  toel  ecpiet. 

(Pang.)  Cabatite 

What   creature   of   God   is   smooth 
inside  but  like  a  net  outside? 
A  fruit.  Cabatite 

118.  Agbibitin  a  sinanlagangan. 

(Hoc.)  Damortis 

Hanging  like   a    pot-rest. 

Camaehilis  (fruit") 

119.  Balay  ni  Santa  Ana  nalicmut  ti 
caramba. 

(Hoc.)  ^^'^iog 

1531 


Santa   Ana's   house   is  surrounded 
by  a  jar.  Cocoanut 

120.  Langit  ngato,  langit   baba,   danom 
ti  tengana. 

(Hoc, — also  Pang.,  Tag.) 

Niog 
Sky  above,  sky  below,  water  in  the 
middle.  Cocoanut 

121.  Danum  sadi  Minimin, 
di  mastrec  ti  an  gin. 

(Hoc.)  Niog 

The   water   of   Minimin,   the   wind 
cannot  reach  it.  Cocoanut 

122.  Sang  bata  pa  maniuang,  anay  sang 
tigulang  na  matamboc. 

(Bis.)  Lubi 

When  young  he  is  lean,  but  when 
he  becomes  old  he  is  fat.    Cocoanut 
The  meat  of  the  cocoanut  grows  in  thick- 
ness. 

123.  Tatlong  bundok   ang  tinibag  bago 
dumating  nang  dagat. 

(Tag.)  Niog 

Three  mountains  were  blown  down 
before  they  reached  the  sea. 

Cocoanut 

[54] 


The  husk,  the  shell,  and  the  meat  are 
passed  to  reach  the  water  within. 

124.  Pispisi    a    dalayap    nagcatlo    nag- 
capat. 

(Hoc.)  Buquel  ti  capas 

A  half-lemon  divides  into  three  or 
four.  Fruit  of  cotton 

125.  Adda  maysa  nga  banga  nga  bassit ; 
Xapno  ti  bato  nga  babassit. 

(Hoc, — also  Pang.)  Bay  abas 
Here  is  a  little  pot ;  it  is  full  of 
small   stones.  Guava 

126.  Aling  cacania  dito  sa  mimdo  ang 
nacalabas  ang  buto? 

(Tag.)  Kasoy 

AYhich  of  his  brothers  in  this  world 

has  his  bones  outside?  Kasoy 

A  fruit,  the  hard  seed  of  which  projects 

entirely  beyond  its  outer  surface. 

127.  Isang  ungoy  nakanpo  sa  lusong. 

(Tag.)  Kasoy 

One  monkey  sitting  on  a  mortar. 

Kasoy 
The  seed  of  the  haJiihad  or  Kasoy 
suggests  the  figure. 

[  55  ] 


128.  Babuy   sa   piilo,    ang   balahibu   ay 
paco. 

(Tag.)  Langea 

Wild  hog,  whose  hairs  are  nails. 

Langea 

129.  Pobre     ti     rabaona     mayaman     ti 
onegna. 

(Hoc.)  Langea 

Poor  outside,  rieh  within.     Langea 

130.  Tinadtad     ti     rabaona.     lauya     ti 
onegna. 

(Hoc.. — also  Pang.)         Langea 
Minced  outside;  lauya  within. 

Langea 
Lauya;  meat  on  bones,  thoroughly 
cooked  in  water  with  vinegar  and  spices. 
Langea  is  a  large  sort  of  breadfruit. 

131.  Agbibitin  nga  oging. 

(Hoc, — also  Pang.)       Longboy 
Charcoal  hanging.  Longboy 

A  plum-like  fruit. 

132.  Adda  inbitin  eo  nga  langdet 
tangtangaden  ti  baboaquet. 

(Hoc.)  Longboy 

I   hang  up   a   chopping-block :   the 
old  women  look  up  at  it.     Longboy 

[56] 


133.  Hindi  havop,  hindi  tao, 
Nag  dadamit  ng  de  pano. 

(Tag.)  Mabal(.> 

Net  an  animal,  not  a  man. 
Yet  it  is  clad  in  velvet.         ]\Iabalo 
A  fruit  somewhat  like  a  peach. 

134.  Agbibiten  a  puso. 

(Hoc.)  ■  Manga 

A  heart  hanging.  Mango 

135.  Isang   cabang  senorito.   pnlus   may 
sombrero. 

(Tag.)  Bunga 

A    group    of    little    gentlemen,    all 
with  their  hats.  Palmnuts 

136.  Bahay   ni   sta.   ana   pumong   punu 
nang  bala. 

(Tag.)  Papaya 

Santa  Ana's  house  is  full  of  bul- 
lets. Papaya 
The     papaya     contains     abundance     of 
round,   shining,  black  seeds  the  size  of 
])uckshot  or  larger. 

137.  Metung   a   bulsa    mitmu   yang   pa- 
minta. 

(Pamp.)  Kapaya 

[57  1 


A  pocket  full  of  peppercorns. 

Papaya 
The  round  black  seeds  of  the  papaya  are 
the  peppercorns. 

138.  Abongnin   Doiia  Maria   alictob   na 
botilla. 

(Pang.)  Apayas 

Dona  Maria's  house  is  surrounded 
by  a  bottle.  Papaya 

139.  Balay  ni  Santa  ]\Iaria  nalicmut  ti 
espada. 

(Hoc, — also  Pang.,  Gad.,  Bis.) 

Pina 
Santa  Maria's  house  is  surrounded 
by  swords.  Pineapple 

140.  Seiiora  a  nasani-sam-it  addat  oneg 
ti  siit. 

(Hoc.)  Piiia 

A  sweet  lady  among  the  thorns. 

Pineapple 

141.  Isang  dalagang  may  corona  at  ca- 
loob  saan  ay  may  mata. 

(Tag.)  Pina 

The   lady   with   a   crown   has   eyes 
everywhere.  Pineapple 

[58] 


142.  Agbibiten    a    danog. 

(Hoc.)  Santol 

A  fist  hanging.  Santol 

143.  Bahay    ni    Sang    Gabriel,    punong 
pimo  nang  barel. 

(Tag.)  Lucban 

San  Gabriel's  house  is  full  of  guns. 

Shaddock 
Furniture. 

144.  Con  adlao  naga  uba.  pero  con  gabi 
naga  saya. 

(Bis.)  Catre;  mosquitero 

During  the  day  she  is  naked,  but 
at  night  she  puts  on  her  skirt. 

Bed ;   mosquito  bar 
Games. 

145.  Aso  CO  sa  pantalan. 
lumucso  nang  pitong  balon. 
umuli  nang  pitong  gubat. 
bago  nag  tanao  dagat. 

(Tag.)  Sungkahan 

]\Iy  dog  from  the  wharf  jumped 
over  seven  wells,,  jumped  again 
over  seven  forests,  before  it  saw 
the  sea.  ^lancala 

This  well-known  game  is  played  upon  a 

[59  1 


board  in  which  a  number  of  round  pits 
are  scooped  out;  two  lines  of  seven  of 
these  are  placed  side  by  side. 
Greeting. 

146.  Bumile  ako  nang  bigas.  bigas  din 
ang  ibinayad. 

(Tag.)  Ang    pagbibigay 

nang  magandang  arao  o  gabi  sa 
kanino   man. 
I  bought  rice  with  rice.       The  ex- 
change of  greeting — good  morning 
or  good  night. 

Hammock. 

147.  Taray  nga  taray  di  met  macaalis. 

(Hoc.)  Indayon 

Running  and  running,  but  it  can- 
not go  aAvay.  Hammock 

148.  Adda    caballoc    a    labang    agsinan- 
pontol  panalian. 

(Hoc.)  Indayon 

I  have  a  gray  horse ;  I  can  halter 
him  at  both  ends.  Hammock 

Heavenly  bodies. 

149.  Kabac  na  niog  magdamag  na  kin- 
ayod. 

(Tag.)  Buan 

[60] 


ITalf-a-eoeoanut,    retreating   slowly 
all  night.  ^loou 

l.^O.  Kabaae  na  niog,  niagdaniag  na  ipod 
nang  ipod. 

(Tag.)  Buan 

A  half-eoeoanut.  scraped  the  whole 
night.  Moon 

The  moon  keeps  freshly  white,  like  cocoa- 
nut  meat  just  scraped. 

151.  Sancagalip    a    rabong    sila    oanna 
amin  a  lobong. 

(Hoc.)  Bulan 

A  half   section   of   a  bambu  shoot 
illuminates  the  whole  world.    ]Moon 

152.  Adda   pisi  a   dalayap  nga  incalic ; 
tal-lo  a  papadi  dina  macali. 

(Hoc.)  Bulan 

I     planted     a     half-lemon :     three 
priests  cannot  dig  it  up.         ^Moon 

153.  Letrang  C  a  maging  0,  O  maging 
C. 

(Pamp.. — also  Tag.)  Bulan 

The  letter  C  becomes  0,  0  becomes 
C.  The  :\roon 

[611 


154.  Sim-migpatac   ti   tanobong 
silaoco    a   nagodong; 
sim-migpatac  ti  alodig, 
silaoco   nga  nagaoid. 

(Hoc.)  Biilan  quen  bituen 

I  chop  a  tanohong  for  light  when 
I  go  to  town ;  I  chop  an  alodig  for 
light  when  I  go  home. 

Moon  and  stars 
A  iano'bong  is  a  sort  of  bambu;  alodig  is 
a  small  bush. 

155.  Adda  maysa  nga  dalaVap  imporoac 
CO  idiay  tayac  no  may  bagam  cn- 
cuanac. 

(Hoc.)  Bulan 

There  was  a  lemon  which  I  threw 
out  into  the  wide  plain.  Guess  it 
and  I  shall  be  yours.  Moon 

156.  Ako  ay  naghasik  nang  mais.  pagka 
umaga  ay  palis. 

(Tag.)  Bituin 

I  sowed  maize  grains :  in  the  morn- 
ing they  were  swept  away.       Stars 
The   stars,    grains   of   maize,    disappear 
with  the  dawn. 

[62] 


157.  Sangaplato  no-a  busi  maoarasanna 
amin  ti  iniliiiili. 

(Hoc.)  Bituen 

A  plate  of  roasted  rice  can  be 
spread  all  over  the  town.         Stars 

158.  Mayaqnit  alila  nung  ing  sumbu 
macaslag  ya,  dapot  nung-  capilan 
milaco  ya  carin  la  paqiiit. 

(Pamp.)  Batuin    at    aldo 

AYlien  the  lamp  is  shining  they  can 
scarcely  be  seen,  but  when  it  is 
taken  away  they  become  visible. 

Stars  and  sun 

159.  Abong  nen  Don  Juan  agnalocasan. 

(Pang.)  Agueo 

Don  Juan's  house,  you  cannot  open. 

Sun 

160.  Caoayan  queling  agnatacpiiling. 

( Pang. )  Agueo 

You  cannot  look  directly  at  ca- 
oai/a)i  queliiig.  Sun 

A  sort  of  baml)u.  of  great  diameter. 

161.  Isbu  ti  andidit  di  masirip. 

(Hoc.)  Ynit 

A}uli(lif's  urine  cannot  be  looked 
at.  Sun 

The  andidit  is  a  cricket. 
[63  1 


162.  Kung  ako  ay  iyong  pakatitigan 
pagkita  sa  akiv  di  mapapalaran. 

(Tag.)  Arao 

If  YOU  look  at  me,  yon  cannot  see 
me.  Sun 

163.  Xagmulaac  iti  saba  idiay  da^^a  saan 
a  nagbnnga  ta  naabac  ti  cnenta, 
nagmnlaac  iti  niog  idiay  land  saan 
a  nagngnt  ta  naabac  iti  panonotna. 

(Hoc.)  Ynit  cpien  bnlan 

I  planted  a  banana  in  the  east  and 
it  did  not  fruit  for  it  lost  the  count 
and  I  planted  a  cocoanut  in  the 
west  and  it  did  not  sprout  because 
it  lost  its  mind.  Sun  and  moon 

Hole. 

164.  Tapat  nga  guindadugangan 
tapat  nga  nagamag-an. 

(Bis.)  Buho 

The  larger  it  grows,  the  lighter  it 
becomes.  A  hole 

House:  and  parts. 

165.  Dinan  yan  penalsay  Dios  ya  say 
cpienantoit  maengal  ? 

(Pang.)  Abong 

"What  creature  of  God.  having  eat- 
en makes  a  noise  ?  House 
F64  1 


166.  Ariia  iti  pinarsua  ni  Apo  Dios  nga 
agtagtagari  ti  quin  nanna  ? 

(Hoc.)  Balay 

AYhat  creature  of  Lord  God  has 
talking  its  food?  House 

167.  Ania  iti  parsua  ni  Apo  Dios  nga 
uniona  nga  agsilia  sa  agap-ap. 

(Hoc.)  Balay 

"What  creature  of  Lord  God  puts 
the  saddle  first  and  then  the 
blanket  ?  House 

The  roof  of  a  house  is  built  before  the 

Avails. 

168.  Xaligo  ang  Kapitan 
hindi  binasa  ang  tiyan. 

(Tag.)  Sahig 

The  Captain  took  a  bath.  l)ut  did 

not  wet  his  belly.  Floor 

When   being   scrubbed   with   water,   the 

bambu  is  as  promptly  dry  as  a  duck's 

back. 

168.  Hindi  tayop.  hindi  tao  nag  ngan- 
galan  nang  Tranquilino. 

(Tag.)        Trangk'a  nang  pinto 

Not  animal,  not  man :  its  name  is 

Tranquilino.  Lock  of  door 

^lere     resembUmee    in    sound    between 

[65] 


Tranquilino,  a  personal  name,  and 
Trangka — a  lock. 

169.  Ang  sino  ang  naunang  umakiat 
siyang  nahuli  sa  lahat. 

(Tag.)  Pagaatip 

He   who  climbed  first  became  the 
last.  Nipa   thatching 

In  roofing  the  work  begins  at  the 
lower  part  and  ends  at  the  ridge. 

170.  Adda  ay  ayatec  nga  gayyem 
(amigo)  ngem  saanco  a  cayat  a 
casango. 

(Hoc.)  Adigi 

I   have   a   loving   friend   but    I   do 

not  wish  to  face  him.  Post 

A  post  in  the  house  construction.    ]\roth- 

ers  punish  naughty  children  by  standing 

them  in  the  corner  facing  the  post. 

171.  Quimmali  simmari  cpiimmagat. 

(Hoc.)  Adigi 

Set  into  the  ground,  breaks  through, 
and  bites.  Post 

A  post  in  house  construction  meets  the 
requirement.  It  is  firmly  planted,  pene- 
trates flooring,  and  clutches  and  holds 
a  rafter  or  other  pole. 


172.  x\tin  Cling  metiing  a  caballero 
pabanua  yang  makakabayo,  dapot 
eya  mamako. 

(Pamp.) 

Pakabayu  ning  bubungan 
I  have  a  horseman  who  has  been 
riding  for  a  year  but  has  not  gone 
a   bit.  Rider   of   bambu.    over 

the  ridge  to  keep  the  nipa  from  l)e- 
ing  blown  away. 

173.  Balnbog  nang  ama  mo,  pina  ara- 
wanco. 

(Tag.)  Palupo  nang  babay 

I  let  the  sunshine  on  your  father's 
back;  i.  e.  the  sun  shines  on  your 
father's  back. 

The  long  poles  at  the  roof  crest  of 
the  house. 
These   poles   are   the   ''father's   back;" 
they   are   directly   exposed  to  the   sun's 
rays. 

174.  Xo  omoli  baro,  no  omolog  balo. 

(Hoc.)  Atep 

When  it  ascends  it  is  new  (yoimg)  ; 
When  it  goes  down  it  is  a  widow. 

Roof 

[67] 


175.  ^linalemae    nga    ao:tacop   binigatae 
met  nga  agpiguis. 

(Hoc.)  Tandoe 

I  mend  it  every  evening,  I  tear  it 
every  morning.  Window 

176.  Xa  labi  mansacabac ; 
no  agueo  manpilatac. 

(Pang.)  Ventana 

At  night  closed;  in  day  open. 

Window 

177.  Abosta  kippit, 
Comalcalipkip. 

(Hoc.)  Riquep 

Although  thin,  it  can  slide. 

Window  shutter 

Implements. 

178.  Ypacapetco  toy  colisipco   dita  bo- 
cotmo  maimbagan  ta  nasaquitmo. 

(Hoc.)  Tandec 

I    place    my    colisipco    upon    your 
back  and  it  cures  your  illness. 

Cupping-horn 
Colisipco  is  a  slender  bambu  sucking 
tube.  Tandoc  is  a  piece  of  horn  for 
blood-letting. 

[68] 


170.  Adda  iiiaysa  nga  amigoe  no  icaraed 

cod  toy  olie,   inaornos  datoy  booc. 

(Hoc.)  Sagaysay 

I  have  a  friend  and  when  I  arrange 

my  head,  my  liair  is  in  order. 

Comb 

180.  Aniat   ina   ni   sa])a  ? 

(Hoc.)  Xi  daga 

Qnet  ania  met  ti  amana?     Barrita 
"What  is  the  mother  of  the  banana  ? 

The  earth 
And   what    its    father  ? 

Digging-stick 

181.  Tombong  ccm   tombong  manpilieay 
gustum. 

(Pang.)  Agniob 

Intestine    (gut)    choose    what    you 
want.  Fire-bhnver 

It  is  a  simple  tube  of  l)ambu. 

182.  ]\Iagdala  ya  biman  mete, 
mamita  yang  laman  mabie. 

(Pamp.)  Mamaduas    ing 

apana  ating  asan  a  dumamit. 
He   carries  the  flesh  of  the   dead, 
but  seeks  the  flesh  of  the  living. 

Fishline 
[69] 


183.  Banga  sadi  Sinait, 
naapiiian  ti  nangisit. 

(Hoc.)  Tintiroan 

A  pot  from  Sinait, 
lined  with  black.  Ink  bottle 

184.  Adda  bassit  nga  quita  nga  casla 
tisa  ngem  niabalinna  nga  ayoanan 
ti  maysa  nga  balasang  nga  casla 
mangayoan  a  cas  niaysa  nga  leon. 

(Hoc.)  Tulbec 

There  is  a  little  thing  like  a  piece 
of  crayon,  but  it  can  guard  a  lady 
like  a  lion.  Key 

185.  Hindi  madangkal.  hindi  madipa, 
pinag-  tutuangan  nang  lima. 

(Tag.)  Carayom 

You  can  not  span  it,  you  cannot 
measure  it  by  your  outstretched 
arms,  and  it  is  being  carried  by 
five.  Needle 

186.  Begut  ne  ing  andang  tinuki  ya  ing 
ubingan. 

(Pamp.)  Carayum   ampong 

sinulad. 
He  pulled  out  a  stick  and  it  was 
followed  by  a  snake. 

Needle  and  thread 
[70] 


187.  Xa  una  ang  trozo  sa  manghihila. 

(Tag.,— also  Bis.,  Pang.) 

Carayom 
The  log  comes  first,  then  the  haul- 
ing cable.  Needle  (and  thread) 

188.  Tinoduc  ni  ampalocneng  ti  obet  ni 
ampatang  quen. 

(Hoc.)  Dagum 

The  soft  one  is  thrust  through  the 
anus  of  the  hard  one. 

Xeedle  and  thread 

189.  Ania     nga     abut    iti    tacopan     iti 
iapadana  nga  abut '! 

(Hoc.)  Iquet 

What  hole  do  you  mend  with  holes  ? 

Net 

190.  Magmagnaac      mangibatbatiae     ^i 
magnaac   agbalbalicas. 

(Hoc.)  Pluma 

I  am  walking  leaving  tracks  where 
I  walk.  Pen 

191.  Mangipatacderae  ti  adigi  madoma- 
doma  a  corte. 

(Hoc.)  Pluma 

I  set  up  a  post,  variously  cut  (fash- 
ioned). Pen 

[-1] 


The  pen  of  this  riddle  is  the  old-tinio 
quill  pen. 

192.  Con  uyatan  naga  lacat; 
con  buhi-an  naga  liguid. 

(Bis.)  Pluma 

"When  held  it  goes; 
"When  let  loose  it  lies  down.       Pen 

193.  Bolong  na  nnas 
mancancanioas. 

(Pang.)  Catli 

Sugarcane  leaves  moving  crisscross. 

Scissors 
191.  Pukeng  payat 
nangangagat. 

(Tag.)  Gunteng 

A  narrow  vagina  bites.         Scissors 

195.  ]\Iaysa    nga    colibangbang   tinaoen- 
taoen  nga  niangan. 

(Hoc.)  Raquem 

There  is  a  butterfly  Avhich  is  eating 

evers^  year.  Rice  knife 

The   small  knife  used  to  cut  rice.     Its 

shape  suggests  that  of  a  butterfly. 

196.  Diac    maquita   nacamolagatac ;    no 
abbongac  maquitac. 

(Hoc.)  Anteojos 

I  cannot  see  although  my  eyes  are 
[72] 


wide  open ;  if  I  cover.  I  can  see. 

Spectacles 
Insects:  and  other  invertebrates. 

197.  Diotay  pa  si  compare  cahibalo  na 
mag  saca  sa  lubii. 

(Bis.)  Subay 

^ly  compadre  is  tiny,  yet  he  knows 
how  to  climb  up  a  cocoanut  tree. 

Ant 

198.  Bahay  ni  ]\Ian  Tute  haligue  ay 
bali-bali. 

(Tag.)  Alimango 

House  of  ^Ir.  Tute,  whose  rafters 
are  twisted.  Crab 

199.  Xano  nga  pispis  nga  iia-ay  pag 
lupad,  may  pac-pac  cag  may  bala- 
hibu,  cag  naga  butn. 

(Bis.)  '  Ulang 

What  bird  is  it.  having  wings  can- 
not Hy.  which  makes  its  nest  and 
hatches  its  young  under  its  Avings? 

Crayfish 

200.  Xo  umolog  maturog;  no  umoli 
tomacqui. 

(Hoc. — also  Pang.)  Alinta 

When  it  goes  down,  it  sleeps ;  when 


it  goes  up  it  drops  waste  matter. 

Earthworm 

201.  ]Magmagna   mamingpingqui. 

(Hoc.)  Colalanti 

Walking,  it  strikes  fire.  Makes  a 
spark.  Fireflies 

202.  Con  sa  latagon  palanacal; 
con  sa  balay  magansal ; 

pero  con  sa  mesa  ma  ugdang. 

(Bis.)  Lango 

Out  in  the  field  she  talks  too  much ; 
In  the  house  she  makes  much  noise ; 
But  when  at  table  she  is  quiet. 

Fly 

203.  Ang  patay  nag  bata  sing  buhi,  ang 
buhi  nag  bata  cag  ang  iya  bata 
iya  guin  bilin  sa  patay,  cag  ang 
patay  amo  ang  nag  buhi  sang  bata 
sang  buhi. 

(Bis.)  Langao,  ulucl,  carne 

A  living  thing  left  its  young  to  a 
dead  thing;  this  dead  thing  gave 
nourishment  to  the  young  of  the 
living  thing.     Fly,   maggots,  meat 

204.  Siasino  iti  parsua  ni  apotayo  nga 
Dios  nga  casta  agropropa  a  caballo 

[74  1 


quet  iti  payacna  easla  bulong  iti 
eaoavan  ? 

(Hoc.)  Diidon 

What  creature  of  our  Lord  God 
has  a  face  like  a  horse  and  wings 
like  banibu  leaves?        Grasshopper 

205.  Adda  maysa  nga  tumatayal  yanna 
aniin  nga  liigar  uray  no  tayac 
quen  cabaquiran.  quet  iti  rupana 
rupa  iti  baca,  iti  tengnguedna 
tengngued  iti  caballo.  iti  baro- 
congna  barocong  iti  tao,  iti  payacna 
casla  bolong  iti  caoayan  iti  ipusna 
casla  uleg,  iti  saeana  casla  saca  iti 
tocling. 

(Hoc.)  Oasay-oasay 

There  is  a  flying  thing,  which  stays 
anywhere, — even  in  the  forest  and 
tayac ;  its  face  is  the  face  of  a  cow, 
its  neck  the  neck  of  a  horse,  the 
breast  the  breast  of  a  man.  the 
wing  is  like  the  leaf  of  a  bambu. 
his  tail  resembles  a  snake,  and  his 
feet  look  like  the  feet  of  a  bird. 

Grasshopper 

[751 


206.  ]\Iadilim  na  bundoc  hayop  na  wa- 
lan  buto. 

(Tag.)  Cutu 

Dark    mountain — boneless    animal. 

Louse 

207.  Atimon  sa  cagulangan  ua-ay  alipo- 
po-an. 

(Bis.)  Lusa 

207.  Atimon  sa  cagulangan  ua-a}^  alipo- 

( Bis. )  Lusa 

^lelon  of  the  wilderness  without  a 
steaii.  Nil 

208.  Ating  metung  a  cacanan  ing  que- 
ang  pengan  marayu  ya  qung  atian. 

(Pamp.)  Paro 

There  is  a  certain  thing  to  eat ;  its 
fleshiness  is  far  from  its  belly. 

Shrimp 

209.  Ing  labuad  nang  quebaitan  yang 
ena  na  buring  balicad,  uling  ing 
bie  na  carin  mipalamang. 

(Pamp.)  Yamuc 

He  does  not  like  to  return  to  the 

land  where  he  was  born  for  therc^ 

he  will  meet  his  fate.  ^Mosquito 

Born  of  water;  he  drowTis  in  water. 

[76] 


210.  Aling  hayop  dito  sa  mnndo.  ang 
iiiilalakad  ay  ulo  ? 

(Tag.)  Suso 

AVhat   animal   in   this  world   walks 
with  his  head?  Snail 

211.  Maysa  a  naparato  ti  oatayna  pag- 
silona. 

(Hoc.)  Laoalaoa 

A  joker  uses  his  spittle  for  a  snare. 

Spider 

212.  Ating-  palaeio  niitmii  yang  cuartu, 
l)alang  metiing  a  cuartu  maqui 
nietung  yang  curatu. 

(Pamp.)        Calaba  ning  tamu- 

mu,  o  panilan. 
There   is   a   palace   full   of   rooms, 
each  containing  a   priest. 

Honeycomb 

213.  Aroi  Dom  Pedro,  hindi  macolabas 
sa  carcel? 

(Tag.)  Tinik 

Oh  I  Don  Pedro,  why  don 't  you  get 

out  of  prison  ?  Sting 

Tinik  means  either  a  string  of  an  insect 

or  the  thorn  of  a  plant.     It  is  the  sting 

or   thorn    which   here    is    considered    in 

prison  and"  exhorted  to  escape. 

[77] 


Lamp. 

214.  ]\letung  a  butil  a  pale  kitmu  lie 
ing  bale. 

(Pamp.)  Sumbii 

A   single   grain   of  rice,   filled   the 

whole  house.  A  lamp 

215.  ]Memala  ya  ing  labak  nieto  ya  ing 
tugak. 

(Pamp.)  Sumbii 

The  swamp  dried  up  and  the  frog 
died.  An  oil  lamp 

216.  Adda  lognac  quen  adda  met  agtay- 
tayab  daytoy  nga  agtaytayab  aggi- 
yan  ditoy  nga  lognac  quet  no  ma- 
mamagaan  daytoy  nga  lognaquen 
matay  met  datoy  agtaytayaben. 

(Hoc.)  Lamparaan 

There  is  a  pond  and  a  bird;  this 
bird  lives  in  the  pond.  When  the 
pond  dries  up,  the  bird  dies.    Lamp 

Love. 

217.  Aniat  casam  itan  ti  nasamit? 

(Hoc.)  Ayat 

What  is  the  sweetest  of  the  sweet? 

Love 

[78] 


218.  Ania  ti  avat  nga  agmalmalem  ? 

(Hoc.)  Ti  apagcascasar 

What  love  lasts  all  day? 

Of  those  just  married 

219.  Ramaycot  panagaladeo  luac  ti  pan- 
agsibugco. 

(Hoc.)  Panangasaoa 

I   fence  with   my  fingers;   I  water 

with  my  tears.  To  marry 

220.  Xag  molaae  iti  masetas  ditoy  lo- 
cong  iti  dacolapco  iti  pinag  si  bogco 
toy  loae  quet  iti  pinamorosco  toy 
matac. 

(Hoc.)  Xagayanayat 

I  planted  a  plant  in  the  midst  of 
the  palm  of  my  hand,  I  watered  it 
with  my  tears.  •  I  gathered  it  with 
my  eyes.  Loving  each  other 

221.  Acoi  nag  tanim  nang  dayap  sa 
gitna  nang  dagat  marami  ang  na- 
hanap,  iisa  ang  naka  palad. 

(Tag..— also  Hoc.)  Dalaga 

I  planted  a  lemon  tree 
in  the  middle  of  the  sea 
many  sought  it 
onlv  one  found  it.  Girl 


222.  Oalay  saquey  ya  dalayap  temmo- 
bocl  pupgley  na  dayat  amayamay 
ya  inanped  peraod  sac  sacquey  so 
acagaoat. 

(Pang.)  Panangasasa 

There  is  a  lemon-tree  growing  in 
the  middle  of  the  sea ;  many  people 
desire  to  take  it.  but  cannot;  only 
one  person  can   succeed. 

Your  sister 
To  be  married. 
Mat. 

223.  Mig  quera  cu  babo  ebus, 
lalam  sasa  eu  me  tudtud. 

(Pamp.)  Dase 

I  lay  down  upon  the  buri.  under 

the  nipa  I  slept.  Petate 

The  sleeping  mat  i^  laid  down  upon  the 

floor  (of  huri)  ;  the  roof  is  of  niim. 

224.  Sa  gabey  dagat  sa  arao  ay  bum- 
bong. 

(Tag.)  Baneg 

At  night  it  is  a  sea.  in  the  day  it  is 

the  bambu  carry-tube.  Petate 

The  petaie  is  the  sleeping  mat  of  rushes ; 

in  the  day-time  it  is  rolled  np  and  set 

awa}^;  at  night  it  is  unrolled  and  spread 

[80] 


upon  the  floor.     The  word  sea  is  often 
used  for  any  extended  or  Hat  surface. 

225.  No  aldao  tuhong  no  rabii  dadali. 

(Hoc.)  Icamen 

If  day  a  tube;  if  night  a  flounder. 
Sleeping  mat^petate 
Mirror. 

226.  Quitquitaec  quet  quitaennac ; 
no  eataoaac  cataoaan  nac. 

(Hoc.)  Espejo 

I  am  looking  at  it.  and  it  looks  at 
me;  if  I  laugh,  it  laughs.       ]Mirror 
Musical  Instruments. 

227.  Guerret  nga  agpucpuc-cao,  agpuc- 
puc-cao  a  guerret. 

(Hoc.)  Tambor 

Guerret  crying,  crying  guerret. 

Drum 
Guerret  is  a  section  cut  transversely 
from  a  fish.  It  has  somewhat  the  shape 
of  a  drum. 

228.  Ania  ti  pinarsua  ni  Apo  Dios  nga 
iti  ngioat  na  adda  ti  tian-na  may- 
maysa  taequiag  na.  quen  ti  ramay 
na  adda  ti  bocot  ti  dacolapna,  quen 
naquinruar  ti  baguisna. 

(Hoc.)  Guitarra 

[81] 


There  is  a  creature  made  by  Lord 
God  whose  mouth  is  in  his  belly; 
he  has  one  arm  and  his  fingers  are 
in  his  back;  and  his  intestines  are 
outside.  Guitar 

229.  Secal   que   batal   levari   que   atian, 
ginulisac  yang  masican. 

(Pamp.)  Dibit 

I  choked  him,  I  sawed  him  across 
the  belly,  he  screamed  furiously. 

Violin 
Nature  Elements. 

230.  Bibingca  nang  hari, 
hindi  mo  mahati. 

(Tag.)  Tubig 

The  king's  cake,  you  cannot  divide 
it.  Water 

231.  Xo  tinagbat,  nagpiglat. 

(Hoc.)  Danom 

If  you  chop  it,  it  heals  at  once. 

Water 

232.  Tng  inda  maging  anak  ya,  ing  anak 
ma  gin  g  inda  ya. 

(Pamp.)  Yelo 

The  mother  becomes  the  daughter 

and     the     daughter    becomes     the 

mother.  Water,  ice 

[  82  ] 


Number. 

283.  8iac  nacaquitaac  iti  siam  abilit  quet 
pinaltogac  iti  lima  mano  iti  na- 
tedda? 

(Hoc.)  Lima 

I   saw   nine   birds;   I   shot   five   of 
them;  how  many  were  left?      Five 

The  dead  ones:  the  rest  flew  away. 

Occupations. 

234.  Ang  madamu  giiina  dugangan,  pero 
ang   diotay   giiina  buhinan. 

(Bis.)     Ang    pag    limas    sang 

tubi  sa  sulod  sang  sacayan. 
The     greater     is     increased,     the 
smaller  is  diminished. 

AVhen  water  is  pumped  out  of 

a  boat. 

235.  Ang  iya  olo  sapat,  ang  iya  lanao 
cahoy  cag  ang  iya  icog  tauo. 

(Bis.)  Carabao  arado  cog 

tauo. 
His  head  is  an  animal,  his  body  is 
wood  and  his  tail  is  man.     Plowing 

236.  Adda  tallo  nga  caquita ; 

dadiay     immona     magmagna     nga 
aoan  tagarina  i 

[  S3  ] 


dadiay       inaicadua       iiiangiiiangaD 

qiiet ; 

dadiay  inaicatlo  iiiagniagna  nga  to- 

nianagari. 

(Hoc.)  Agarado 

There  are  three  things;  the  first  is 
walking  without  talking:  the  sec- 
ond is  eating;  the  third  is  walking 
and  talking.  Plowing 

The  carabao.  the  plow,  and  the  man. 

237.  Manoc  cong  pute,  nag  talon  sa  pu- 
sale. 

(Tag.)  Hngas  bigas 

'My  white  chicken  jumped  into  the 
puddle.  Rice-washing 

The  water  that  runs  from  rice  washing 
is  white;  it  falls  from  the  kitchen  down 
into  the  accumulated  water  under  the 
house. 

238.  Ania  ti  aramid  ti  babay  a  dina  mal- 
pas? 

(Hoc.)  Abel 

What  woman's  work  is  never  fin- 
ished ?  Weaving 

There  is  always  a  lower  edge  which  can- 

Hof  l)e  woven. 

Persons. 

r  84 1 


239.  Aeoi  nag  tanein  nang  sile 
sa   tabe  nang  c-atre, 

ang  idinileg  coi,  pure 
ang  ibinungav  diaiiiantc. 

(Tag.)  Bata 

I  planted  a  pepper  near  a  ])ed. 
I  watered  it  with  honor, 
it  yielded  a  precious  jewel. 

Baby 

240.  Con  mag  atubang  si'  tatay ;  apang 
eon  mag  talieud  si  nanay. 

(Bis.)  Insik 

If  it  faces  you  it  is  your  father; 
but  if  it  turns  its  back  it  is  your 
mother.  Chinaman 

8een  from  before  the  general  appear- 
ance is  that  of  a  man ;  from  behind,  a 
woman. 

241.  Taung  inucul  dang  loco,  dapot  ing 
dapat  na  mibulalag  quing  yatu. 

(Pamp.)  Cristobal  Colon 

One  whom  they  thought  a  fool,  his 
work    became    world-known. 

Columbus 

242.  Xag  habla  ang  nuiy  sala  nag  tago 
ang  justicia. 

(Tag.)  Xagevennipisal 

[85] 


The  culprit  appears  in  court,  the 
justice  is  hidden.   The  Confessional 

The  person  confessing  is  plainly  seen ; 

the  priest  receiving  the  confession  is  out 

of  sight. 

243.  Nagmolaac  iti  pipino  idiay  arisad- 
sad  ti  convento 

dimet  nagbunga  ti  pipino  no  di 
Sto.  Cristo. 

(Hoc.)  Natay 

I  planted  a  pip  near  the  convent 
but  it  did  not  produce  a  squash  but 
Sto,  Cristo.  A  dead  persoii 

24-i.  Ania  ti  ringgor  nga  saan  nga  ag- 
taud  ti  dila? 

(Hoc.)  Umel 

"What  quarrel  is  not  made  with  the 
tongue?  A  dumb  man's 

245.  Sin-o    ang   napatay   nga    guin    lu- 
bung  sa  tiyan  sang  iya  nanay? 

(Bis.)  Pari 

"Who  died,  who  was  buried  in  his 
mother's  bosom?  Friar 

He  was  buried  in  the  church. 

246.  Duro   co   nga   dalagan   pero   ua-ay 
aco  dinalaganan? 

(Bis.)       Naga  sacay  sa  duyan 
[861 


AYho  was  running  fast  but  did  not 
move  from  where  he  started? 

One  in  a  hammock 

247.  Tng  makalub  makalual  ya.  ing  ma- 
kalual  makalub  ya. 

(Pamp.)     Ing   inda   ampo  ing 
anak. 

AYhat  was  exposed  is  inside,  what 

was  inside  is  exposed. 

Mother  and  babe,  when  the  lat- 
ter is  baptized. 
The  mother  stays  at  home  in  the  house. 

248.  Pinonggosco  a  pinongos  bino  cay- 
eayan  iti  Dios. 

(Hoc.)  Masicog 

I    grasped   and   grasped    and   God 
loosed  it.  Pregnant  woman 

249.  Ania    ti    anac    a   mangisquis   quen 
inana. 

(Hoc.)      Ti  mangrarit  ti   pira- 
cna. 
^"hat  child  shaves  his  mother? 

Who  spends  her  money 

250.  Aniat  baybay  a  di  aglippias? 

(Hoc.)  Ti  Quinaquirmet 

"What  sea  does  not  overflow? 

The  stingy-  man 
[87  1 


Though  he  has  abundance  he  gives  out 
none. 

251.  Con  tuleon  nimo  uala  sia  pag  pa- 
huay  sang  lacat  apang  uala  man 
sing  limacatan. 

(Bis.)  ]\Ianoghabol 

She  appears  to  be  always  walking,  but 
after  all  is  still  in  her  place  as  before. 

A  weaver 
Plants. 

252.  Deli  ciueenteng  kaballero  rianu 
mang  tiknang  an  nang  palacio, 
agad  yang  malaso. 

(Pamp.)  Balite 

A  gallant  horseman  causes  any 
castle  in  Avhich  he  is.  to  crumble  to 
pieces.  The  Balite 

This  is  the  great  parasitic  fig,  which  en- 
closes other  trees  in  its  embrace. 

253.  Adda  maysa  nga  cayo  nga  bulong 
nga  bulong  di  met  agsabong ;  sanga 
nga  sanga  dimet  agbunga. 

(Hoc.)  Caoayan 

There  is  a  plant  that  produces 
leaves  after  leaves,  but  no  flowers; 
branches  after  branches,  but  no 
fruit.  Bambu 

[88] 


254.  Siroc   iti  balay  ti   baenan^  di   nia- 
caycayan. 

(Hoc.)  Bulong  ti  caoayan 

Under  the  hacnang's  house  it  can- 
not be  clean.  Banibu  leaves 

255.  Xab-barnasi       sin       accab-bing-nga 
udde  sicuana. 

(Gad.. — also  Hoc.  Pang..  Bis.^ 

Ufud. 

When     newly-born,     well     dressed, 

but  when  he  gets  old  he  is  naked. 

Bambu  shoot 

The  bud  is  covered  with  a  down,  which 

disappears. 

256.  Xang    numte    ay   may   tapis,    nang 
lumaki  ay  bul isles. 

(Tag.)  Caoayan 

When    young    she    wore    a    tapis; 
when  grown  she  is  unclad 

Bambu  shoot 
The  iapis  is  the  most  characteristic  part 
of  the  woman's  dress.  It  is  a  w4de  band 
of  dark  cloth  (black  or  brown)  worn 
over  the  other  clothing,  around  the 
whole  middle  part  of  the  body. 

[89  1 


257.  Xanganak  ang  virgen 
itinapon  ang  lampen. 

(Tag.)  Sagueng 

The  virgin  gave  birtli  to  a  child 
and  threw  away  the  blanket. 

Banana 

258.  Xanganak  ang  asuang 
sa  tnktok  nagdaan. 

(Tag.)  Sagueng 

An  asuang  gave  birth  to  a  child 
from  the  top.  Banana 

259.  Xaguit-log  ni  cannaoay  inocopan 
ni  teg-gaac  idi  cuan  guiaoen  ni  oac 
ti  nagtaraquen. 

(Hoc.)  Saba 

A  stork  laid  an  egg;  the  crane 
hatched  a  lark  from  it ;  the  crow 
took  care  of  the  young.         Banana 

260.  Sancadaoa  sangalabba. 

(Hoc.)  Sangcabulig  a  saba 
A  seed-bearing  stem;  one  fills  a 
basket.  Bunch  of  bananas 

261.  ^Macagto  sa  simbahan  si  Mary,  pito 
o  valo  ang  iya  saya. 

(Tag.)  Puso 

]\Iary    is    going   to   church    having 
seven  or  eight  shirts.     Banana  bud 
[90] 


The  bud  is  wrapped  or  folded  within  a 
number  of  bracts. 

262.  Adda    puso    a    maysa    dagat    nag 
apuanna  alupasit  naglasatanna. 

(Hoc.)  Puso  ti  saba 

There  is  a  heart  that  came  from  the 
earth  and  pushed  up  fhrough  alu- 
pasit. The  heart  of  the  banana 
Alupasit  is  banana  fibre. 

263.  Caballo  moreno  umosoc  idiay  ngato. 

(Hoc.)  Sabonganay  ti  saba 

The  red  horse  comes  out  upward. 

Banana  flowers 

264.  Ista    CO    sa    Sapa-sapa    sapin-sapin 
ang  taba. 

(Tag.)  Saha  nang  saguing 

'My  fish  in  Sapa-sapa  has  manifold 

layers  of  fat.  Stem  of  banana 

The  stem  of  a  banana  cut  through  shows 

inwrapping  layers,  not  imlike  fat. 

265.  Dasug  ca  kaka.  libutad  ya  y  inda. 

(Pamp.) 

Saging  ampo  ding  sui  na 
]\Iove  on  my  brother,  let  mother  be 
in  the  middle. 

A  banana  plant  and  its  suckers 

[91] 


The  new  ones  displace  the  older  ones, 
pushing  them  outward. 

266.  Ang  puno   lubi ; 
ang  dahon  espada ; 
ang  bunga  bala. 

(Bis.)  Cahoy  ngaburi 

The  trunk  cocoanut ; 
the  leaves  swqrds; 
the    fruit   bullets.  Buri    palm 

267.  Angibitinac    na    liquen    tangtanga 
yey  mamasiquen. 

(Pang.)  Camantilis 

I  was  hung  by  a  potring;  the  old 
men  looked  up  at  me. 

Camaehili 
The  pendent  fruit  suggests  the  riddle. 

268.  Nano  nga  sapat  nga  ang  iya  palod 
hayang  pero  ang  iya  tudlo  culub? 

(Bis.)  Paclang  sang  lubi 

What  animal  is  it  which  has  its 
palm  upside  up  but  its  fingers  up- 
side down?  Cocoanut  leaves 

269.  Payung   y    Santa    ]\Iaria    ammena 
mabata. 

(Gad.)  Tafal 

Saint  Clary's  umbrella  cannot  be 
wetted.  Gabi 

[92] 


This  is  the  cultivated  plant  commonly 
known  as  taro.  Its  great  loaf  sheds 
water   perfectly. 

270.  No   malipatam  maca-alaca ; 

quet  no  malaguipmo  dica  maca-ala. 
(Hoc.)  Poriquet=amorsico 

If  you  do  not  remember,  you  get ; 
but   if   you   do   remember,   you   do 
not   get.  Grass-burs 

271.  Agsabong  dina  met  bonga  agsanga 
isut  bongana. 

(Hoc.)  Mais 

It  produces  a  flower  but  it  is  not 

its     fruit :     it     produces  branches 

which  are  its  fruit.  ]Maize 

272.  Xag  tapis  nang  nag  tapis  nacalitao 
ang  bulbolis. 

(Tag.)  Mais 

She  wore  and  wore  her  tapis 
yet  her  pubic  hair  was  displayed. 

]\raize 
The  green  husks  are  considered  the 
iapis,  or  wrap  about  the  mid-body;  the 
silk  appearing  from  the  husk  wrapping 
is  the  pubic  hair. 

[93] 


273.  Alo-divino  de  graeia  malayo  ang 
bulaklak  sa  bunga. 

(Tag.)  Mais 

Of  all  divine  gifts  it  is  the  only 
plant  whose  flower  is  far  from  the 
fruit.  ]\Iaize 

274.  Tite  nang  Ingles,  puno  nang  gales. 

(Tag.)  Mais 

The  Englishman's  is  full  of 

pustules.  Maize;  ear 

275.  Siasino  iti  pinarsua  ni  Apo  Dios 
nga  umuna  nga  matay  santo  ag- 
bonga  ? 

(Hoc — also  Pang.)  Sarguelas 
What  thing  our  Lord  God  made 
dies  first  and  then  fruits? 

Plum  tree 

276.  Uala  sa  langit,  uala  sa  lupa.  ang 
dahon  ay  sariwa? 

(Tag.)  Quiapo 

It  is  not  in  heaven,  it  is  not  on 
earth,  its  leaves  are  fresh. 

Quiapo 
The  water-lettuce;  it  covers  the  surface 
of  quiet  spots  in  rivers. 

[94] 


277.  Cmig  liindi  lamang  si  tagabuiidok 
si  tagalati  ay  maliuhulog. 

(Tag.)  lyantok  at  parvid 

But  for  the  one  living  in  the  moun- 
tain the  one  living  in  the  swamp 
would  fall.  Nipa  and  rattan 

The  rattan  (growing  in  the  mountain) 
is  used  to  lash  on  the  nipa  (growing  in 
the  swamp)   to  the  house  framework. 

278.  Xo    colditenea    matayea    quet    no 
adayoanea  mabiagea. 

(Hoc.)  Bainbain 

If  I  touch  you  you  will  die;  but  if 

I  get  away  from  you  you  will  live. 

Sensitive  plant 

279.  Adda    maysa    a   cayo    idiay   toctoc 
adda  bobonco. 

(Hoc.)  Silag 

There  is  a  tree  up  there  and  I  have 
a  well  on  it.  Silag 

A  sort  of  palm,  the  bud  is  cut  out  and 

a  sweet  sap  secured. 

280.  Tagbatec  ta  sacam : 
inomec  ta  da  ram. 

(Hoc.)  Unas 

T  chop  your  feet ; 
I  drink  your  blood.         Sugarcane 
[95] 


281.  Lalabas  cu. 
tindus  dacu. 

(Pamp.)  Sulput 

I  was  going  out  into  the  field,  they 
pierced  me. 
A  grass  with  slender  and  sharp  seeds. 

282.  Pinagsakitan  kong  aking  matukla- 
san  ang  bagay  na  isang  ninais 
makamtan  at  nang  sa  pagkita  y 
hindi  mapalaran  tinaglay-taglaj^  ko 
hangang  kamatayan. 

(Tag.)  Tinik 

I  sought  a  thing  I  wished  to  get, 
and  as  I  could  not  find  it  I  kept  it 
until  my  death.  Spine 

283.  Adda  tal-lo  a  Princesas  sag-gaysa 
ti  coartoda  ngem  saan  da  nga  ag- 
quiquita. 

(Hoc.)  Tagunbao 

There    are    three    princesses;    each 
has  a  separate  room  and  they  can- 
not see  each  other.  Tagunhoa 
A  shrub  used  for  hedges,  with  a  tripar- 
tite pod  or  capsule. 

28-i.  Ania  iti  mula  a  uray  holding 
mailasinna  ? 

(Hoc.)  Siit 

[96] 


AYhat   thing   is   blind   hut   can   se- 
lect ?  Thorn 

Qualities. 

285.  Aniat  cala-adan  ti  bomaro  atao? 

(Hoc.)  Ti  quinasuquer 

^Yhat    is    the    worst    disfigurement 
for  a  young  man  ?  Disobedience 

Relationship. 

286.  Ano  ang  itat  awag  mo  sa  biyanang 
babayi  nang  asawa  nang  kapatid 
mo  ? 

(Tag.)  Ina 

"What  will  you  call  the  mother-in- 
law  of  your  sister's  husband? 

^Mother 

287.  Ang  amain  kong  buo  ay  mayr  isang 
kapatid  na  babayi.  ngunit  siyai 
hindi  ko  naman  ali.     Sino  suja  ? 

(Tag.)  Aking  ina 

]\Iy  uncle  has  a  sister  but  she  is  not 
my  aunt.    ^Yhoisshe?    My  mother 

288.  Ang  mga  babaying  A  at  B  ay 
nakasalubong  sa  daan  ng  dala- 
wang  lalaki ;  at  nagwika  si  A ; 
naito  na  ang  ating  mga  ama,  mga 

[97] 


ama  nang  ating  mga  anak;  at  mga 
tun  ay  nating*. 
(Tag.)  ■ 
Ang  ama  ni  A  ay  napakasal  kay 
B  at  ang  ama  ni  B  ay  napakasal 
kay  A  at  nagkaroon  sila  nang  tig- 
isang  anak. 

Ladies  A  and  B  met  two  men  and 
said.  ^^  There  come  our  fathers, 
fathers  of  our  sons  and  our  o\\ti 
husbands. ' ' 

A's  father  married  with  B  and  B's 
father  with  A,  and  each  of  them 
had  a  child. 
289.  Nang  malapos  nang  madalao  nang 
isang  lalaki  ang  isang  bihmgo  ay 
tinanong  nang  bantay;  ano  mo  ba 
ang  tawong  iyon?  Kapatid  mo  ba 
0  ano?  Ang  sagot  nang  bilango 
ay  ito;  akay  ualang  kapatid,  ni 
pamangkin  ni  amain,  ni  nuno,  ni 
apo,  ni  kahit  kaibigan ;  ngungit 
ang  ama  nang  tawong  ujan,  ay 
anak  nang  anak  nang  aking  ama. 
Ano  nang  bilango  ang  tawong  iyon. 
(Tag.)  Anak 

After    a    man   visited    a    prisoner, 
[98] 


the  guard  asked  him — 'Ms  that  man 
your  brother,  or  what?"  The  pris- 
oner's answer  was,  ^'I  have  no 
])rother,  no  unele,  no  nephew,  no 
grandfather,  neither  grandson  nor 
friend;  but  that  man's  father  is 
my  father's  son.  Who  was  that 
man  ?  Son 

Religious. 

290.  Oahiyan  pinalsay  Dios  ya  amay- 
amay  iran  sanaagui  et  sacsaquey 
so   pait   da. 

(Pang.. — also  Bis.)  Colintas 
]\Iany  of  them,  brothers — but  they 
have   only   one   bodytube.       Beads 

291.  Adda  tal-lo  gasut  a  bacac  maymay- 
sat  nanglidingac. 

(Hoc.)  Cuentas 

I  have  three  hundred  cattle,  with 
a  single  nose  cord.  Beacis 

292.  Xacno  agapaldua. 

(Pang.)  Simbaan 

Only  half  full.  Church 

293.  Xapuno  pero  ua-ay  mag  tunga. 

(Bis.)  Simbahan 

They  said  it  was  full  but  it  was 
half-full.  Church 

[99  1 


204.  Idi  nagcasar  ni   Tiia  quen  ni  xViiia 
avanae    pay    a    dara   ngem   idi   iia- 
gbuniag  ni  Apo  siac  ti  namadrino. 
(Hoc.)  Cristo 

When  my  father  and  mother  were 
married  I  was  not  yet  in  the  womb, 
but  when  my  grandfather  was  bap- 
tized I  was  his  godfather.       Christ 

296.  Dua  ti  taquiagna,  maysat  saeana, 
adda  olo  aoan  matana. 

(Hoc.)  Cruz 

Two  arms,  one  leg  and  a  head,  but 
no  eyes.  Cross 

297.  Tatlo  ang  botones. 
•apat  ang  ohales. 

(Tag.,— also  Bis.)  Cristo 

Three  buttons,  four  holes. 

Crucifix 

298.  May  isang  batang  lalaque,  umaky- 
at  sa  camachile  nang  hindi  ma  ca 
puede,   likod  ang  idinale. 

(Tag.)  Si  Cristo 

There  is  a  boy  climbed  up  a  cama- 
cJiili  tree;  when  he  could  not  stand 
it  he  climbed  on  his  back. 

Crucifix 

[ICO] 


299.  ]\Iaysa  a  cayo  nagango  idiay  poona 
nabasa  idiay  tingana.  nagango  met 
ti  ngodona. 

(Hoc.)  Sto  Cristo 

A  tree  dry  at  the  foot,  wet  in  the 
middle,  dry  also  above. 

Christ,  i.  e.,  crucifix 

300.  Aramid  ti  masirib  canen  ti  nalaing. 
amin  a  macaquita  pasig  amin  a 
logpi. 

(Hoc.)  Ostia 

Work  of   a   wise  man,   eaten  by   a 
wise  man  :  all  who  see  are  lame. 

The  host 

301.  Akoi  nag  tanim  nang  sicolo  sa 
gitna  nang  convento.  ibinunga  ay 
si  Cristo. 

(Tag.)  Hostia 

I  planted  a  sicolo  in  the  midst  of 

the    convent :    it    bore    Christ    foi* 

fruit.  The  host 

A  sicolo  is  a  small  i)iece  of  money;   it 

here    relates    to    the    contribution    made 

at  communion  service. 

302.  Isang  tubong   sinanduyon. 
abut  sa   langit   ang  dahon. 

(Tag.)  Panalangiu 

[  ICl  ] 


A  sugarcane  without  joints,  whose 
leaves  reach  heaven.  Prayer 

303.  Nang  maitayo  na  yaong  hangang 
baywang  nagbitiu  ng  pawang  ka- 
lunkut  lunkutan. 

(Tag.) 
Ang  pitong  wikang  iniaaral  nang 
pari  sa  Viernes  Santo. 
After  he  hid  from  his  feet  to  his 
waist  he  gave  very  sad  things. 
The  preaching  in  the  pulpit  hy  a 
priest   about   the   seven   utterances 
of  Christ  on  Good  Friday. 

304.  Aquinngatot  cadsaaran, 
aquinbabat  bobengan. 

(Hoc.)  Polpito 

The  floor  is  higher,  the  roof  lower. 

Pulpit 
i.  e.  than  that  of  the  building  in  which 
it  stands. 

305.  Sag  magkakapatid  na  pitong  sin 
liyag  ako  ang  naunang  nagkitang 
liwanag.  At  ako  rin  naman  yaong 
nagkapalad  na  tawaging  bunso  sa 
kanilang  lahat. 

(Tag.)         Ang    pitong    linggo 
nang  Cuaresma. 

rio2i 


I 


Seven  brothers  are  we;  the  first- 
born was  I,  but  I  am  the  youngest 
of  all. 

The  seven  weeks  of  Quaresma. 

306.  Asin  ti  yanti  espiritu  iti  bagui  ? 

(Hoc.)  Aquineatiquid  nga 

abaga. 
Where  is  the  spirit  in  the  body? 

In  the  left  shoulder 
In  making  the  sign  of  the  cross  the  word 
spirit  comes  when  the  left  shoulder  is 
pointed  to. 

307.  Adda  pitu  a  botonisco;  maymaysat 
pinat  pategeo. 

(Hoc.)  Domingo 

I  have  seven  buttons;  I  like  one 
best.  Sunday 

308.  Pitu  casiglot  maymaysat  nairut. 

(Hoc.)  Domingo 

Seven  twined  ("twisted'')»  oiily 
one  tight.  Sunday 

309.  Contirad   contibong; 
bandera  ti  lobong. 

(Hoc.)  Torre 

Sharp  and  long;  flag  of  the  world. 

Tower 

[103  1 


310.  Caoayan   bayog  ag  nayogayog. 

(Pang.)  Torre 

Caoayan  bayog^^  you  cannot  shake 
it.  Tower 

*A  species  of  bambu;  firm,  slender  and 

high. 

311.  Mayroon  akong  pitong  bunga  nang 
kohol  ibinigay  co  sa  iyo  ang  anini 
at  ang  isang  natira  sa  akin  ay  ibig 
mo  pang  kunin. 

(Tag.)     Ang  pitong  arao  nang 

isang  linggo. 
I  have  seven  oranges.     I  gave  you 
six  and  you  want  to  take  the  re- 
maining   one. 

The  seven  days  of  the  week 

312.  ]\Iinagaling  pa  ang  basag  cay 
sa  baong  ualang  lamat. 

(Tag.) 
Ang  sabi  sa  evangelio  ni  Cristo  ay 
ganito.  Hindi  rao  sia  naparito  o 
nanoag  dito  sa  lupa  para  sacupin 
ang  niga  banal  cung  di  ang  maca- 
salanan. 

Better   the   broken   piece  than   the 
whole  without  crack. 
In  the  gospel  Christ  said  that  he  did  not 
[1041 


(•(inie   upon   eMi'th  for  the  righteous  but 
for  the  sinner. 

SIS.  Cung    uala    cay    magbigay    ca    at 
eung   meroon   ay  huagna. 

(Tag.) 

Xung*ang  nga  fariseo  ay  nacahull 

nang    niangangaluniang    babae    ay 

i  ni  habla  cay  Cristo.  at  ang  cani- 

lung  sabi,  Hindi  po  ba  maestro  na 

sabi  sa  ley  ni  Moises  na  sino  mang 

mahuli  sa  pangangalunia  ay  pupu- 

culin  nang  bato  hangan  sa  mania- 

tay.     Ang  isinagot  ni  Cristo ;  sino 

mang  ualang  sala  ay  cumuha  nang 

bato  at  puclin  na. 

Give  if  you  have  none ;  if  you  have 

don't  give. 

AVhen  the  Pharisees  caught  a  woman  in 

adultery,   they  took  her  before   Christ. 

They  said,  "what  sentence  do  you  give 

to  those  taken  in  adultery,  since  in  th^* 

law  of  Closes  it  is  commanded  that  the 

woman  taken  in  adultery  shall  be  stoned 

until  she  die."     Christ  answered,  "Let 

him   which   is   without    sin    among   you 

cast  the  first  stone." 

[105] 


31-4.  Ilumiling  ang  hari  sa  canyang 
alagad  nang  uala  sa  kanyat  di  pa 
natatangap,  ang  hiningan  naman 
ay  dagling  nag-gaoad  nang  sa  bo- 
ong  yatu'y  di  pa  natutuklas. 

(Tag.) 
Ang    pagbibinyag    ni     San    Juan 
Bautista  cay  Cristo. 
The   King   asked   from   his   soldier 
what  he  had  not,  and  the  soldier 
gave    him    what    Avas    not    in    the 
world. 
The    Baptism   by    St.   John   Baptist   of 
Christ. 

315.  Nang  mabasag  ang  bote 
lalong  na  paka  buti. 

(Tag.)  Mahal  na  Yirgen 

The    bottle    became    better    when 
broken.  The  Virgin  Mary 

''When  ]\Iary  was  yet  unmarried  and 
Christ  had  not  yet  been  born  she  w^as 
not  considered  very  sacred;  we  say  the 
bottle  was  not  yet  broken.  When  she 
was  married  to  Joseph  and  Christ  was 
born  she  became  very  sacred;  so  we  say 
that  when  the  bottle  was  broken  the  bet- 
ter it  became." 

[106] 


i 


31  f).  Xang  j)itasin   ang  hinog  hilas  ang 
siang  nahulog. 

(Tag.) 
Xoong     magpapugot     si     Herodes 
nang   mga   bata   dahilan   sa   gusto 
niang  mapatay  si  Cristo.     Xapatay 
ang  meroon   1000  bata  data  puat 
si  Cristo  hinde  napatay.     Sa  naca- 
tnid   napitas   nia   ang   hilao   at   at 
ang   hinog    ay   hindi.        Si    Cristo 
sapageat    pmio    nang    carumingan 
ay  ipinalagay  na  hinog  at  ang  niga 
bata   ay  hilao   sapageat   sila   nala- 
pang  carnmungan. 
"When  he  plucked  the  ripe,  the  un- 
ripe fell. 
When  King  Herod  wanted  to  kill  Christ, 
he    ordered    to    kill    all    children ;    he 
thought  that  if  all  the  children  in  his 
country   were    killed.    Christ   could   not 
escape.     But  he  did  not  know  how  pow- 
erful Christ  was.     So  the  children  who 
knew   nothing    (were   unripe)    fell    and 
Christ    (ripe)   because  he  knows  every- 
thing escaped. 

317.  Tpinalit  ang  guinto  sa  bibinga. 
(Tag.) 

[  107  ] 


Ito  i  naiiucol  sa  pagsacop  ni  Cristo 
sa   'citing  casalanan   iia   hindi   cail- 
angan   sia   mainatay  masacop   1am- 
ang  ang  ating  easalanan  na  siang 
catulad  ng  bibinga  at  ang  ea  niang 
pagea  Dios  na  catulad  ang  guinto. 
Sand  is  changed  to  gold. 
This  applies  to  Christ,  when  he  redeemed 
our  sins.     He  did  not  value  his  life  but 
gave   it   that   we   might   be   saved  from 
our  sins.     His   life   is   gold  because   he 
was  full  of  knowledge;  he  died  on  ac- 
count of  our  sins  which  are  like  sand. 

Reptiles,  etc. 

318.  Xang  mimti  ay  may  bun  tot 
nang  lumakiy  napugot. 

(Tag.)  Palaca 

When  he  was  little  he  had  a  tail 
but  when  he  was  grown  he  had 
none.  Frog 

319.  Adda  maysa  nga  ubing  nga  adcla 
idiay  danum  ngem  di  met  uminom. 

(Hoc.)  Tocak 

There  is  a  boy  living  in  the  water 
who  does  not  drink.  Frog 

[  108  1 


I 


320.  Bast  on    ti    baenang    saan    iiio    nga 
iiiaigaiian. 

(Hoc. — also  Pang.)  l^^leg 

The    hacnang's    cane,    you    cannot 
hold  it.  Snake 

Bacnanc),  a  man  of  wealth. 

321.  No    nacariing    naeanuilagat : 
no  naeaturog  naeannildagat. 

(Hoc.)  rieo: 

If  awake,   his  eyes   wide   open ;   if 
asleep,  his  eyes  wide  open.      Snake 

322.  Anano    nga    sapat   nga   con    niag- 
lacat,  dala  nia  ang  iya  balay? 

(Bis., — also   Pang.)  Ba-o 

AYhat     animal    carries    his    house 
wherever  he  goes  ?  Turtle 

323.  Tata    a    tolay    ieacangcalinna    na 
balena. 

(Gad.)  Dagga 

A    man    who    always    carries    his 
house  along  Avith  him.  Turtle 

324.  ]\Iagmagna  itugtogotnat  balayna. 

(Hoc.)  Pag-ong 

AValking  and  walking  and  cariying 
his  own  house.  Turtle 

[1C9  1 


325.  Eto    na    si    caca    may    sunong   na 
dampa. 

(Tag.)  Pagong 

Here  comes  brother  with  a  house 
over  his  head.  Turtle 

326.  Magma  nagcal-logong 
no  maibagam  pag-ong. 

(Hoc.)  Pag-ong 

Walking,  wearing  his  hat.       Turtle 

Road. 

327.  Bulong  ti  saba  lunac-acaba ; 
bulong  ti  niog  umat-atid-dog. 

(Hoc.)  Calzada 

Leaf   of   a   banana   become   wider; 
leaf  of  a  eocoanut  become  longer. 

Road 

328.  Nagmolaac   iti   carabosa   iti   santac 
na  macada  non  idiay  Manila. 

(Hoc.)  Calzada 

I  planted  a  calabash;  its  branches 
can  reach  to  Manila.  Road 

Also  has  for  answer,  telegraph  line. 

329.  Nan  ta  ne  mac  na  laver  ed  Dagu- 
pan  angad  diay  lamoto.       Calzada 

(Pang.)  Calzada 

f  110  1 


I 


\ 


I  have  planted  a  betel-tree  in  Dagii- 
pan  but  its  roots  reach  to  here. 

Road 
Shade,  Shadow,  etc. 

330.  Xo  aoan  sapolsapolen  ngem  no  ad- 
da  saan  mo  met  nga  alaen. 

(Hoc.)  Linong 

If  there  is  none  you  are  seeking  it ; 
if  there  is  some  you  do  not  take  it. 

Shade 

331.  Ania  ti  umona  nga  aramiden  diay 
vaca  no  lumgac  ti  init .' 

(Iloe.^         Qnitaenna    diay    an- 

ninioanna 
"What    is   the   first   thing   the    cow- 
does  when  the  sun  rises? 

Looks  at  its  shadow 

332.  Xo  magnaac  iti  nasipnget  aoan 
caduac  quet  no  magnaac  iti  nala- 
oag  adda  caduac. 

(Hoc.)  Anninioan 

If  I  walk  in  the  dark  I  have  no 
companion :  if  I  walk  in  the  light 
I  have  one.  Shadow 

333.  X"o  tilioec  tilioennac :  no  itarayac 
camatennac. 

(Hoc.)  Aninioan 

[1111 


i 


If    I    catch,    it   catches;    if    I    rim 
away  it  chases  me.  Shadow 

334.  Diad  ogtoy  agueo  oalay  iiiapalit 
con  anapuen  no  na  anap  co  agco 
alaen. 

(Pang.)  Serom 

At  noon  I  must  depart  to  find;  if 
I  can  find  it,  I  will  not  take. 

Shadow 

335.  ]\Iilub  yang  alang-  liban,  linual 
yang  alang  liualan. 

(Pamp.)       Anina  tanni  a  may- 
ay  aquit  quing  salamin. 
He  came  in  through  no  door  and 
went  out  through  no  door. 

Reflection  in  a  mirror 

Smoking. 

336.  San  Fernando  at  Bakulod  sabay 
na  nasunog. 

(Tag.)  Cigarillo 

San    Fernando    and   Bacolor   were 
burned   at   the    same    time. 

Cigarette 
The  paper  and  the  tobacco  are  con- 
sumed together. 

[1121 


storm,  Sky,  etc. 

;337.   Daluaiig  dahon  nang  pinda-pinda, 
sing  lalapad  sing  gaganda. 

(Tag.)  Langit  at  lupa 

Two  loaves  of  pinda-pinda  equal 
in   width  and  beauty. 

Sky  and  earth 

338.  Quinosicus    a    barraas;    no    niaib- 
agam  cucuanae. 

(Hoc.)  Quimat 

Twisted  like  a  harraas;  tell  it  and 
I  am  yours.  Lightning 

The  word  harraas  is  local.     Perhaps  the 

name  of  some  vine. 

339.  Baston  ni  San  Josep 
indi  ma  isip. 

(Bis.)  Ulan 

Saint  Joseph's  canes  cannot  be 
counted.  Rain 

Drops  of  rain  in  a  tropical  storm  may 

well  suggest  rods  or  staves. 

340.  Buhoc  ni  Adan,  hindi  mabilang. 

(Tag.)  Ulan 

Adam's  hair  cannot  be  counted. 

Rain 

fll31 


34L  Isbu   ti   guelang-guelaiij^'   di    iiuibi- 

(Iloc.)  Todd 

Giiebuig-g'uelaiig-'s  piss,  you  can  not 

count.  Kaiii 

342.  Vaca  co  sa  Mayiiila,  liangang  ditoi, 
dinig  ang  iinga. 

(Tag.)  Culog 

My  cow  in  IManila,  Avliose  mooing 
is  heard  here.  Thnnder 

343.  Aniat  magna  a  saan  a  maquita? 

(Hoc.)  Angin 

What  walks  that  cannot  be  seen? 

Wind 

344.  Etuna-etuna   hindi    mo    pa    naqui- 
quita. 

(Tag.)  Hangin 

Here  it  comes,  yet  you  do  not  see 

it.  AVind 

34.5.  Picabaluan    de    ding   malda    alang 

maca  ibie  uaga. 

(Pamp.)  Angin 

He   is   known    everywhere   but   no 
one  can  explain  what  he  is. 

Wind 
Stove. 

346.  Tal-lo  a  pugot  natured  ti  pudut. 
(Hoc.)  Dalican 

[114] 


Three  ghosts  endure  miK-li  heat. 

Stove 
The  three  supports  for  the  pot  are 
meant.  It  seems  that  the  pugot  (ghost) 
is  black. 

.'U7.  Tatlong  magkakapatid  nagtiliis  .sa 
init. 

(Tag.)         Tungko  nang  calang 

Three  brothers  suffering  from  the 

heat.  Pot  rests 

34:8.  Tatlong  mag  kakapitid  sing  pupute 

nang  dibdib. 

(Tag.)  Calan 

Three    sisters    with    equally    white 

breasts.  Stove 

They  are  equally  white — i.  e.  they  are 

all  three  black  from  the  fire. 

349.  Xagcal-logong  iiag  pica  nagcaballo 

tallot  sacana. 

(Hoc.)  Dalican 

It  has  a  hat  and  a  spear,  a  horse 
and  three  feet.  Stove 

.    350.  ]\ralaki  ang  namahay  cay  sa  bahay. 
(Tag.)        Calang  at  ang  bahay 
nang  Calang. 
The  inhabitant  is  larger  than  the 

[1151 


house.  Stove  and  its  lower  part 
(called  its  house.) 

351.  Na  upo  si  ca  Iteii],  sinulot  uiea 
Pula. 

(Tag.)  Fallot  at  apoy 

Compadre  "Item"  (black)  sat 
down.  Compadre  "Pula"  (red) 
poked  him.  Pot  and  flame 

352.  Ing  caballero  cung  negro  makasake 
yang  attung  cabayu  dapat  kikiak 
yang  anting  loco. 

(Pamp.)  Balanga     ampong 

nasi. 
]\ry    black    horseman    rides    three 
horses  but  he  is  crying  like  a  fool. 
A  pot  of  cooking  rice 
The  three   horses   are   the   firestones   or 
the  three  supports  of  the  pot  in  the  pot- 
tery stove;  the  bubbling  is  the  crying. 

Time. 

353.  Ania  nga  aldao  ti   caatid-dagan? 

(Hoc.)  Ti  aldao  a  saan  a 

panangan. 
What  day  is  the  longest? 
The  day  on  which  you  do  not  eat 

[  1161 


I 


854.  Xag  daan  si  Cabo  negro,  naiiiatay 
ua  lahat  ang  tao. 

(Tag.)  Gabi 

The  black  Corporal  passed,  all  the 
people  died.  Night 

Died.  here,  is  slept. 

Tools. 

355.  Xmig  eiiiiniiiia  ing  iiialati.  ing  iiiar- 
agiil  emitiiqui. 

(Pamp.)  Barrenang  espiral 

If  not  preceded  by  the  smaller  the 
larger  one  will  not  go.  Anger 

356.  Adda  pinarsua  iti  Dios  natanciuen 
ti  pammaguina  niadi  a  mangan  no 
di  matoen  ti  olona. 

(Hoc.)  Paet 

There  is  a  creature  of  God  whose 
body  is  hard:  it  does  not  wish  to 
eat  unless  you  strike  its  head. 

Chisel 

357.  Adda  babay  a  labang  di  mangan  no 
dial  paculan. 

(Hoc.)  Paet 

There  is  a  woman  who  does  not 
eat  unless  you  strike  her.       Chisel 

[117] 


358.  Ing  damulag  cung  dapa,  quing 
gulut  ya  ta  tacla. 

(Pamp.)  Catam 

My   crawling   carabao   excretes   its 
feces  upward.  Plane 

359.  Taot  ngato,  taot  baba,  cayot  tin- 
gana. 

(Hoc.)  Ragadi 

]\ran    above,    man    below,    wood   in 
middle.  Saw 

Below  the  liorizontall}^  placed  timber  to 
be  sawed  a  pit  is  dug;  one  sawyer  is  be- 
low in  the  pit.  the  other  above,  each 
holds  a  handle  of  the  great  saw,  which 
works  up  and  down. 

Toy. 

360.  Enbontayog  coy  ecnol 
quinmocaoc  ya  tampol. 

(Pang.)  Bibintarol 

I  throw  the   eggs;   they  crow   im- 
mediately. Firecracker 

361.  Adda  abalbalayco  a  sinam  granada 
rineppetco  a  binastabasta  imbarsac- 
co  diay  daga  nasay  sayaat  ti  can- 
cionna. 

(Hoc.)  Sunay 

[118] 


I  have  a  toy  like  a  granada ;  I  tied 
it  around  and  around  and  threw  it 
on  the  ground  and  it  sang  sweetly. 

Top 

Trunk. 

362.  Pusipusec  ta  pusegmo  ta  iruarco 
ta  quinnannio. 

(Hoc.)  Lacaza 

I  turn  your  navel  to  take  out  what 
you  have  eaten.  Trunk 

363.  Adda  pay  maysa  nga  quita  diay 
balay  a  naaramid  iti  cayo  quet  ad- 
da  met  uppat  nga  sacana  nga 
babasit  quet  adda  met  innem  nga 
aeaba  queneuana  rupano  quet 
agngiao  saan  nga  magna. 

(Hoc.)  Baol 

I    have    something    in  my    house 

made   of  wood;   it  has  four  short 

legs  and  six  fiat  faces;  it  squeaks, 

but   cannot    walk.  Trunk 

Umbrella. 

364.  No  umulog  ti  senora  augucrad  ti 
sampaga. 

(Hoc.)  Payong 

[119] 


When  the  lady  comes  down  the 
sampaga^  opens.  Umbrella 

365.  Con    butongon   pasoc ;    con    induso 
payog. 

(Bis.)  Payong 

When  pulled  it  is  a  cane ;  Avhen 
pushed  a  tent.  Um])rella 

Utensils,  etc. 

366.  Hindi  tayop.   hindi   tao,   apat   ang 
suso. 

(Tag., — also  Pang.)  Buslo 

Not  animal,  not  man.  She  has 
four  breasts.  Basket 

367.  Hindi  hare,  hinde  pare,  nag  dada- 
met  nang  sari-sari. 

(Tag.)  Sampayan 

Not  king,  not  padre,  it  wears  many 
kinds  of  clothes.  Clothes-line 

368.  Adda  maysa  nga  ubing 
a  natured  ti  lammin. 

(Hoc.)  Sudo 

There  is  a  boy.  who  does  not  shiver 
with  the  cold.  Dipper 

This  dipper  is  made  from  the  half  of  a 

polished  cocoanut  shell. 


a  tiower. 

[120] 


369.  Xang  isoot   coi,   tuyo,   nang  bunu- 
ten  coi  natulo. 

(Tag.)  Tal)() 

When  I  plunged  it  in  it  was  dry  -. 
when  I  drew  it  out  it  was  dripping. 

Dipper 

370.  Sacay    sino    balay    ina    nga    puno 
sang  ventana  ? 

(Bis.)  Puluguan 

Whose  house  is  that,  which  is  full 
of  windows?  The  hen  house 

371.  Xo  adda  ti   lenong 
agcalcal  logong. 

(Hoc.)  Caramba 

If  it  is  in  the  shade  it  Avears  its  hat. 

A  jar  full  of  water 

372.  Aniat    aramid    a    nagbaticuling    ti 
sabut. 

(Hoc.)  Pagbagasan 

What   work   has   a   gizzard   like   a 
sabut  1.  Storage  jar  for  rice 

The  scibut  is  the  eocoanut  cup  or  bowl : 
in  the  paghagasan,  there  is  always  a 
ganta  for  measuring  rice.  This  ganta 
is  the  gizzard  here  meant. 

[121] 


373.  Pusepusec  ti  bato  tumbog  caravan 
Veto. 

(Hoc.)  Gilingan 

I  turn  the  stone  and  there  flows 
out  like  the  Veto  river.  ~SU\l 

314:.  Hiniguit  co  ang  yantok,  nag  bibi- 
ling  ang  bundoc. 

(Tag.)  C4uilingan 

I  i)ulled  the  rope  and  the  moun- 
tain  turned.  Mill 

375.  Hiniguit   co   ang  Caguin.   nag  ka- 
kara  ang  maching. 

(Tag.)  Guilingan 

I  pulled  the  rope  and  the  monkey 
began  to  howl. 

Refers  to  the  creaking  of  the  mill,  when 

grinding. 

376.  Isang   malaking  babai,   sa   likuran 
tumatae. 

(Tag.)  Guilingan 

A  big  woman,  who  excretes  at  the 

back.  :Mill 

The  meal  is  here  considered  as  excreted. 

377.  Dinalas  nang  dinalas  mapute  ang 
lumabas. 

(Tag.)  Guilingan 

[122] 


Somebody  got  busy  and  something 
white  appeared.  ^lill 

The  ground  rice  pours  out  from  the  mill 

as  a  white  meal. 

378.  Aldo  at  bengi  macanganga  ya,  ma- 
nena  ya  yang  parusa. 

(Pamp.)  Asung 

It  gapes  day  and  night  awaiting 
punishment.  ^lortar 

379.  Isa  lamang  ang  sapin,  duha  ang 
batiis  apat  ang  pa-a,  isa  ang  lauas, 
isa  ang  baba  apang  uala  sing  olo. 

(Bis.)  Luzong 

He  has  but  one  shoe,  two  shins, 
four  legs,  one  body,  one  mouth,  but 
no  head.  ]\Iortar 

380.  No  igamac  ta  siquet  mo  lagtoca  a 
lagto. 

(Hoc.)  Al-o 

If  I  hold  your  waist  you  .jump  and 

jump.  Pestle 

In    pounding    rice,    the    great    wooden 

pestle  is  taken  by  the  middle,  which  is 

more  slender  than  the  pounding  ends. 

381.  Xo  magna  ni  arodoc  agparintomeng 
amin  a  root. 

(Hoc.)  Arado 

[123] 


When  the  creeper  passes  all  th.^ 
grass  kneels.  Plow 

382.  Cobbo  ni  aniani  quiad  ni  inaiu  sica 
nga    anaccla   daramodum   ca. 

(Hoc.)  Arado 

The  father  is  bent  over,  the  mother 
is  bent  back  and  the  son  is  bent  for- 
ward. Plow 

This  has  reference  to  the  different  sticks. 

or  pieces,  of  which  the  plow  is  composed. 

383.  Sa  palacol  nabnhay 
at  sa  nntog  namatay. 

(Tag.)  Palayoc 

Produced  by  hammering  but  de- 
stroyed by  a  jar.  Pot 
Clay  for  pottery  is  prepared  by  pound- 
ing it  Avith  a  light  hammer;  it  is  also 
beaten  into  shape  in  the  process  of  giv- 
ing it  form. 

384.  Pegarenco  abot  pegarenco  abot. 

(Pang.)  Liquen 

I  turn  over  completely,  I  turn  over 
completely.  Pot  ring 'support 

385.  Adda   abal-balayco   a   pusipusac   a 
pusipus  mabalbal-cut. 

(Hoc.)  Pudonan 

[124  1 


I  have  a  thing,  which  I  twine  and 
twine  and  it  is  covered. 

Weaving  spool 

386.  Nano  nga  sapat  nga  baba  ang  naga 
caon.  mata  ang  nga  pamns-on  ? 

(Bis.)  Ayagan 

What  animal  is  it.  which  takes  its 
food  through  its  mouth  and  ex- 
cretes it  through  its  eyes?         Sieve 

387.  Bahay    ni    Guiring-guiring    butas- 
butas  ang  sinding. 

(Tag.)  Bithay 

'^ Guiring-guiring 's''  house  is  full 
of  holes.  Sieve 

388.  Adda  maysa   a   caballo;   tal-lot  sa- 
cana ;   no   dica   sacayan   di   magna. 

(Hoc.)  Egad 

There  is  a  horse ;  he  has  three  legs : 
if  you  do  not  ride  on  him,  he  never 
walks.  Copra  shredder 

389.  Limma  ac  ed  Dagupan  dugduaray 
bacatco. 

(Pang.)  Sali 

I  went  to  Dagupan  but  I  left  only 
two   footprints.  Sled 

390.  Aniat    aramid    a    duduat    tugaona 

[125] 


inganat   panaeaparsuana  ? 

(Hoc.)  Pasagad 

What  work  has  two  seats  since  its 
creation  ?  Sled 

391.  Ania  ti  nppat  ti  sacana   dudiia  ti 
tugotna  ? 

(Hoc.)  Pasagad 

AYhat  has  four  feet  but  only  two 
foot-prints  ?  Rice-sled 

The  sled  for  hauling  rice  has  four  sup- 
ports or  legs,  which  end  in  two  runners. 

392.  Pusepusec   ti   pengan   tum-bog   ca- 
ravan Vigan. 

(Hoc.)  Dadapilan 

I  turn  the  plate  and  water  flows  out 
like  the  Yigan  River.       Sugarniill 

393.  Oalay  baboy  con   baleg   son   laben 
nga  libngaleb. 

(Pang.)  Darapitan 

I    have    a    large    pig:    during    the 
night  he  gnmts.  Sugarmill 

Vegetables. 

39-1:.  Tite  nang  ania  mo.  isinubsob  co  sa 
abo. 
■     (Tag.)  Camote 

Your  father's I  place  in  the 

ashes.  Camote 

[126  1 


The  camote  is  a  sort  of  sweet  potato;  it 
may  be  baked  in  the  ashes. 

395.  Xcig'sabong  ti  sinan  malueong  nag- 
bunga  imeg  ti  daga. 

(Hoc.)  Camote 

It    produces    a    tiower   like   a   cup; 
fruit  underground.  Camote 

396.  Sirad  mirahiJis  oalad  dalem  so  sic- 
sic. 

(Pang.)  Cete 

The  wirahilis   (fish)   has  his  scales 
inside.  Cete 

The  cete  {'' piquant e'')  is  the  pepper. 

397.  Otin  nen  laquic  Duardo  batil  ya 
anga  ed  ngoro. 

(Pang.)  Palia 

]\Iy  grandfather  Eduardo's  is 

covered  with  pimples.        Cucumber 

398.  Oquis  nan  bagasnan. 

(Hoc.)  Lasona 

Its  bark  is  its  seed.  Onion 

399.  Binili  ang  isang  minithi  kong  ba- 
gay  at  ang  hinahangad  ay  pakina- 
bangan.  pagdating  sa  amin  ang 
pinangyarihan.  nang  gagamitin 
luha  koy  ])umakal. 

(Tag.)  Sibuyas 

[1271 


I  bought  a  thing  I  wished  to  iise; 
when  I  tried  to  use  it  my  tears 
fell.  Onion 

400.  Lsta  eo  sa  ^lariveles  sapin-.sai)in  ang 
caliskis. 

(Tag.)  Sile 

]\Iy  tish  in  ]\Iariveles  has  manifold 

scales.  Pepper 

Scales  laid  upon  one  another;  the  seeds 

of    the    pepper    are    fiat    and    stacked 

against  one  another, 

401.  Mahanghang  hindi  naman  pa- 
minta ;  maputi  hindi  naman  papel ; 
verde  hindi  naman  suha ;  turang 
mong  bigla. 

(Tag.)  Rabanos 

It  is  sharp  but  not  pepper;  white 
but  not  paper;  green  but  not  shad- 
dock; guess  what  that  is.     Radish 

402.  Ang  iloy  naga  camang  ang  bata 
naga  pungco. 

(Bis.)  Calabaza 

The  mother  creeps,  and  the  son  sits. 

Squash 
The  mother  is  the  vine;  the  child  is  the 
fruit.     The  riddle  gains  point,  by  sug- 

[128] 


gesting  a  reversal  of  the  natural  condi- 
tions. 

40;^).  Ania  iti  parsiia  ni  Apo  Dios  nga 
aoan  ti  matana  aoan  ti  ngioatna 
([uen  aoan  ti  obetna  qiiet  mangan  ti 
lacloc-ladoc  ? 

(Hoc.)  Tabungao 

AVhat  creature  of  Lord  God  has  no 
eyes,  no  mouth,  no  anus — and  eats 
Jacloc-Iadoc  ?  A  white  squash 

Ladoc-ladoc  is  rice  flattened  in  the  mor- 
tar by  the  blows  of  the  pounder.  The 
seeds  of  the  iahungao  resemble  it. 

404.  Berdi  ya  balat.  malutu  ya  laman 
anti  mo  ing  pacuan. 

(Pamp.)  Pacuan 

Its  skin  is  green  and  its  flesh  is  like 
a  watermelon.  Watermelon 

The  riddle  is  poor,  in  that  it  introduces 
the  answer  as  a  term  of  comparison,  in  a  " 
way  to  mislead.     Similar  cases  occur  in 
other  lands. 

405.  Verde  ang  balat  pula  ang  laman 
espeetorante   cung  turan. 

(Tag.)  Pacuan 

Green  skin,  red  meat,  espeetorante 
they  call  it.  Watermelon 

[129  1 


Vision. 

406.  Limoesoae   alabasco   agco  asabi. 

(Pang.)  Paeanengneng 

I  jumped  further  but  I  did  not 
reach.  To  see 

Waves. 

407.  Naga  dalagan  nga  ua-ay  sing  ti-il 
cog  naga  ngurub  nga  ua-ay  sing 
baba. 

(Bis.)  Balod 

It  runs  having  no  feet  and  it  roars 
liaving  no  mouth.  Waves 

Word  plays. 

408.  Ania  iti  mainaganan  ari  ditoy  ba- 
gui? 

(Hoc.)  Aripoyot 

"What  king  (ari)  do  you  name  in 
your  body?  Anpoyot 

This   is  the   great  inner  muscle   of  the 

upper  leg. 

409.  Cung  hindi  lamang  ang  tatlong 
letra  t.  o,  at  s  ay  kinakain  saua 
siya. 

(Tag.)  Asintos 

But  for  the  letters  t  o  s  we  would 

be  eating  it.  (String) 

The   word  asintos  means   string;   drop- 

[130  1 


ping  the  letters   fos  we  have  asin   left, 
meaning  salt. 

410.  Bugtong  pasmiasa.  puno  at  duloi 
may  bimga. 

(Tag.)  Calamias» 

Bugtong  pas''mias''a.  whose  trunk 
and  branches  have  fruit.  Calamias 
Bugtong  is  a  riddle:  the  word  pas" mi- 
asma has  no  meaning.  There  is  here  a 
mere  phiy  on  the  sound  of  words.  "Pas- 
"mias"a  suggests  the  answer. 

411.  Casano  iti  panangtiliu  iti  ugsa  a  di 
masapul  iti  silo,  aso,  gayang,  oen 
no  a  aniaman  a  paniliu? 

(Hoc.)  Urayec  a  maloto 

How  do  you  take  a  deer  without 
net,  dogs,  spear,  or  other  things  for 
catching?  Cooked 

412.  Laguiung  tao,  laguiung  numuc. 
delana  ning  me  tung  a  yayup. 

(Pamp.)  Culassisi 

The  name  of  a  man.  the  name  of  a 

chicken,  were  carried  by  a  bird. 

Culas  is  a  man's  name;  sisi  the  name  of 

a     chicken.     Combined     they     make     a 

bird's  name. 

[131] 


41  ;i.  Indi   sapat   indi   man   tano   apang, 
ang  ngalan  nia  si  "esco. " 

(Bis.. — also  Tag.)      Escopidor, 
Escopeta. 
Xeither    animal    nor   man    bnt    its 
name  is  ''esco." 

Escopidor.  Escopeta 
A  mere  play  on  the  words.  Esco  is  a 
nickname  for  Francisco.  The  escupidor 
is  a  cuspidor,  the  escopeta  a  broom.  The 
meaning  of  the  words  goes  for  nothing. 
The  words  are  both  of  Spanish  origin. 

414.  Macatu  ti   poonna.   rugae   iti  ngo- 
duna. 

(Hoc.)  ]Macaturugac 

]\Iacatu=cloth 

Rugac=old.  rotten  clothing 

Cloth  is  the  beginning;  tatters  the 

ending, 
i.  e.  Macatu  is  the  beginning,  rugnc  the 
ending.     The   whole   Avord   means   I   am 
sleeping. 

415.  Salapi  iti  poona ;  ngao  ti  ngodona. 

(Hoc.)  Salapingao 

(Fifty  cents)   Salapi  is  the  begin- 
ning; (  )  oigao  the  end. 

[132] 


The  Salapingao  is  a  bird  "like  a  swal- 
low." 
416.  Sinampal  co  bago  inaloc. 

(Tag.)  Sampaloc 

I   slapped  before   I   offered. 

Sampaloc 
There  is  simple  word  play  here;  the  be- 
ginning and  end  of  the  riddle  give  the 
word  S(in)ampal-oe.  The  Sampaloc  is 
a  fruit  tree. 


[133] 


DATE  DUE 

iiliiiMiiipi  II  mill  II  III  II 

mill 

3  1970  00750  7095 


iillliililiiiiiiiiii 
B     000  015  994    7 


